New evidence that vitamin D prevents headache: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Previous observational clinical studies and meta-analyses have yielded inconsistent results regarding the relationship between vitamin D and headache, and the causal relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between vitamin D and headache by bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis.

Methods: The relationship between high levels of vitamin D and headache was investigated by two-sample MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.

Comparative analysis of four nutritional scores in predicting adverse outcomes in biopsy-confirmed diabetic kidney Disease.

Malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, it is uncertain which nutritional assessment tools are most effective in predicting the adverse outcomes of DKD. This retrospective study was conducted at a single center and included 367 patients diagnosed with DKD based on biopsy results between August 2009 and December 2018.