Self-triggered neural tracking control for discrete-time nonlinear systems via adaptive critic learning.

In this paper, a novel self-triggered optimal tracking control method is developed based on the online action-critic technique for discrete-time nonlinear systems. First, an augmented plant is constructed by integrating the system state with the reference trajectory. This transformation redefines the optimal tracking control design as the optimal regulation issue of the reconstructed nonlinear error system.

One-Pot Photocascade Catalysis: Access to Pyrrole Derivatives from -Arylglycines and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) Acetates.

The step-economical synthesis of pyrrole derivatives has posed a challenge in the field of -heterocyclic chemistry. A novel photocascade catalytic radical S2'-type reaction/radical addition/annulation sequence of MBH acetates provides a straightforward route to pyrrole derivatives by forming new C-C, C-N, and C═C bonds in one pot, using -arylglycines as the α-arylaminomethyl radical precursors for double insertion.

Comprehensive assessment of imaging quality of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing-based MR images in routine clinical settings.

Background: Conventional MR acceleration techniques, such as compressed sensing, parallel imaging, and half Fourier often face limitations, including noise amplification, reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased susceptibility to artifacts, which can compromise image quality, especially in high-speed acquisitions. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) has emerged as a novel approach that combines the conventional techniques with advanced AI algorithms. The objective of this study was to examine the imaging quality of the ACS approach by qualitative and quantitative analysis for brain, spine, kidney, liver, and knee MR imaging, as well as compare the performance of this method with conventional (non-ACS) MR imaging.

Regional changes in brain metabolism during the progression of mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study based on radiomics.

Background: This study aimed to establish radiomics models based on positron emission tomography (PET) images to longitudinally predict transition from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In our study, 278 MCI patients from the ADNI database were analyzed, where 60 transitioned to AD (pMCI) and 218 remained stable (sMCI) over 48 months. Patients were divided into a training set (n = 222) and a validation set (n = 56).

Performance Characteristics of the NeuroEXPLORER, a Next-Generation Human Brain PET/CT Imager.

The collaboration of Yale, the University of California, Davis, and United Imaging Healthcare has successfully developed the NeuroEXPLORER, a dedicated human brain PET imager with high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, and a built-in 3-dimensional camera for markerless continuous motion tracking. It has high depth-of-interaction and time-of-flight resolutions, along with a 52.4-cm transverse field of view (FOV) and an extended axial FOV (49.

A prognostic model for triple-negative breast cancer patients with liver metastasis: A population-based study.

Unlabelled: However, it is still difficult for clinicians to establish prognostic stratifications and therapeutic strategies because of the lack of tools for predicting the survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients with liver metastases (TNBC-LM). Based on clinical data from large populations, a sensitive and discriminative nomogram was developed and validated to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients with LM at initial diagnosis or at the later course.

Introduction/background: Liver metastasis (LM) in TNBC patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Markerless head motion tracking and event-by-event correction in brain PET.

Head motion correction (MC) is an essential process in brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We have used the Polaris Vicra, an optical hardware-based motion tracking (HMT) device, for PET head MC. However, this requires attachment of a marker to the subject's head.

Discovery of two bifunctional/multifunctional cellulases by functional metagenomics.

Cellulases are widely used in industry, and the usage in bioconversion of biofuels makes cellulases more valuable. In this study, two tandem genes that encoded cellulases ZF994-1 and ZF994-2, respectively, were identified on a cosmid from a soil metagenomic library. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ZF994-1 and ZF994-2 belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12), and GH3, respectively.

SSELM-neg: spherical search-based extreme learning machine for drug-target interaction prediction.

Background: The experimental verification of a drug discovery process is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, efficiently and effectively identifying drug-target interactions (DTIs) has been the focus of research. At present, many machine learning algorithms are used for predicting DTIs.

Prognosis prediction and risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer patients with brain metastasis: A population-based study.

Background: Brain metastasis (BM) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this research we aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of TNBC patients with BMs (TNBC-BM) and explore the potential risk factors.

Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

An initial study on the comparison of diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/MR and F-FDG PET/CT for thoracic staging of non-small cell lung cancer: Focus on pleural invasion.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/MR and PET/CT preliminarily for the thoracic staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a special focus on pleural invasion evaluation.

Methods: 52 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were included and followed for another year. Whole-body F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent thoracic PET/MR were performed for initial thoracic staging.

Vimentin and tumor-stroma ratio for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Vimentin expression in tumor tissues and the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) have been demonstrated as strong prognostic factors for cancer patients, but whether they are predictive markers of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the predictive significance of vimentin and TSR combined for nCRT response in LARC patients. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was performed to determine the association of vimentin and TSR with nCRT response in six LARC patients [three achieved pathological complete response (pCR), three did not].

Effect of Imaging Markers on Reperfusion Therapy in Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of endovascular therapy (EVT) versus intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO), based on the information of advanced imaging.

Methods: We analyzed data of stroke patients with radiologically confirmed BAO within 24 hours. BAO subjects were categorized into "top-of-the-basilar" syndrome (TOBS) and other types.

ASF1B enhances migration and invasion of lung cancers cell via regulating the P53-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) signaling pathway.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Anti-silencing function 1B (ASF1B) has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in various tumors. However, the function of ASF1B in lung cancer remains to be addressed.

A two-stage cardiac PET and late gadolinium enhancement MRI co-registration method for improved assessment of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies using integrated PET/MR.

Purpose: Respiratory motion causes mismatches between PET images of the myocardium and the corresponding cardiac MR images in cardiac integrated PET/MR. The mismatch may affect the attenuation correction and the diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. In this study, we present a two-stage cardiac PET and MR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) co-registration method, which seeks to improve diagnostic accuracy of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies via better image co-registration using an integrated whole-body PET/MR system.

Adaptive Critic for Event-Triggered Unknown Nonlinear Optimal Tracking Design With Wastewater Treatment Applications.

In this article, an event-based near-optimal tracking control algorithm is developed for a class of nonaffine systems. First, in order to gain the tracking control strategy, the costate function is established through the iterative dual heuristic dynamic programming (DHP) algorithm. Then, the event-based control method is employed to improve the utilization efficiency of resources and ensure that the closed-loop system has an excellent control performance.

Design and system evaluation of a dual-panel portable PET (DP-PET).

Background: Integrated whole-body PET/MR technology continues to mature and is now extensively used in clinical settings. However, due to the special design architecture, integrated whole-body PET/MR comes with a few inherent limitations. Firstly, whole-body PET/MR lacks sensitivity and resolution for focused organs.

Evaluation of SUVlean consistency in FDG and PSMA PET/MR with Dixon-, James-, and Janma-based lean body mass correction.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the consistency of various standardized uptake value (SUV) lean body mass (LBM) normalization methods in a clinical positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) setting.

Methods: SUV of brain, liver, prostate, parotid, blood, and muscle were measured in 90 F-FDG and 28 F-PSMA PET/MR scans and corrected for LBM using the James, Janma (short for Janmahasatian), and Dixon approaches. The prospective study was performed from December 2018 to August 2020 at Shanghai East Hospital.

Automatic rat brain image segmentation using triple cascaded convolutional neural networks in a clinical PET/MR.

The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a deep learning approach for automatic rat brain image segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images in a clinical PET/MR, providing a useful tool for analyzing studies of the pathology and progression of neurological disease and to validate new radiotracers and therapeutic agents. Rat brain PET/MR images (N = 56) were collected from a clinical PET/MR system using a dedicated small-animal imaging phased array coil. A segmentation method based on a triple cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed, where, for a rectangular region of interest covering the whole brain, the entire brain volume was outlined using a CNN, then the outlined brain was fed into the cascaded network to segment both the cerebellum and cerebrum, and finally the sub-cortical structures within the cerebrum including hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, lateral ventricles and prefrontal cortex were segmented out using the last cascaded CNN.

Fluorine (F) MRI to Measure Renal Oxygen Tension and Blood Volume: Experimental Protocol.

Fluorinated compounds feature favorable toxicity profile and can be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Fluorine nucleus from fluorinated compounds exhibit well-known advantages of being a high signal nucleus with a natural abundance of its stable isotope, a convenient gyromagnetic ratio close to that of protons, and a unique spectral signature with no detectable background at clinical field strengths. Perfluorocarbon core nanoparticles (PFC NP) are a class of clinically approved emulsion agents recently applied in vivo for ligand-targeted molecular imaging.

Reversine suppresses osteosarcoma cell growth through targeting BMP-Smad1/5/8-mediated angiogenesis.

Reversine, or 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6cyclohexylaminopurine, is a 2,6-disubstituted purine derivative. This small molecule exhibits tumor-suppressive activities through different molecular mechanisms. In this study, in vitro and in vivo angiogenic models were used to elucidate the effect of Reversine on angiogenesis in the tumor suppression.

NEMA NU2-2012 performance measurements of the United Imaging uPMR790: an integrated PET/MR system.

Purpose: In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the positron emission tomography (PET) performance of, to the best of our knowledge, the third commercially available whole-body integrated PET/magnetic resonance (MR) system.

Methods: The PET system performance was measured following the NEMA standards with and without simultaneous MR operation. PET spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, count-rate performance, accuracy of count losses and random corrections, image quality, and time-of-flight (TOF) resolution were quantitatively evaluated.