Ambroxol hydrochloride spray (Luo Runchang®) in the treatment of acute respiratory infectious diseases: a prospective, multicenter, open label, randomized controlled study.

Purpose: Cough and sputum are the most common clinical symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Ambroxol is a mucolytic expectorant commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and compliance of ambroxol hydrochloride spray (Luo Runchang ®) for the treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases in children.

Experimental Study on the Ethanol-Assisted Catalytic Steam Reforming of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel.

Thermal protection is a critical problem in the development of hypersonic aircraft. To enhance the thermal protection capability of hydrocarbon fuel, the ethanol-assisted catalytic steam reforming of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel was proposed. The result shows that the total heat sink can be significantly improved by the endothermic reactions of ethanol.

Secondary Flow Effect on Supercritical Kerosene Oxidation Deposition and Heat Transfer in a Coiled Tube.

Deposition in fuel cooling systems remains a challenge to the development of active cooling technologies for air-breathing engines. We experimentally and numerically investigated the influence of the secondary flow and heat-transfer characteristics of supercritical kerosene in a coiled tube on oxidation deposition. A coiled heated tube reactor (3000 mm long, 23 cycles) under constant heat flux and flow rate was applied to simulate the conditions of the fuel side in the heat exchanger of an aero-engine cooling system.

Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Domestication and Distribution of Cattle During the Longshan Culture Period in North China.

Cattle, as an important tool for agricultural production in ancient China, have a complex history of domestication and distribution in China. Although it is generally accepted that ancient Chinese taurine cattle originated from the Near East, the explanation regarding their spread through China and whether or not this spread was associated with native aurochs during ancient times are still unclear. In this study, we obtained three nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from bovine remains dating back ca.

IRF4 and STAT3 activities are associated with the imbalanced differentiation of T-cells in responses to inhalable particulate matters.

Background: Particulate Matter (PM) is known to cause inflammatory responses in human. Although prior studies verified the immunogenicity of PM in cell lines and animal models, the effectors of PM exposure in the respiratory system and the regulators of the immunogenicity of PM is not fully elucidated.

Methods: To identify the potential effector of PM exposure in human respiratory system and to better understand the biology of the immunogenicity of PM, We performed gene-expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 171 heathy subjects in northern China to identify co-expressed gene modules associated with PM exposure.

Genome-wide analysis of the callose enzyme families of fertile and sterile flower buds of the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis).

Callose is a β-1,3-glucan commonly found in higher plants that plays an important role in regulating plant pollen development. It is synthesized by glucan synthase-like (GSL) and is degraded by the enzyme endo-1,3-β-glucosidase. However, genome-wide analyses of callose GSL and endo-1,3-β-glucosidase enzymes in fertile and sterile flower buds of Chinese cabbage have not yet been reported.

Germline and somatic variations influence the somatic mutational signatures of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in a Chinese population.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) is the fourth most lethal cancer in China. Previous studies reveal several highly conserved mutational processes in ESCC. However, it remains unclear what are the true regulators of the mutational processes.

Effects of particulate matter on allergic respiratory diseases.

The health impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) has long been a concern to clinicians, biologists, and the general public. With many epidemiological studies confirming the association of PM with allergic respiratory diseases, an increasing number of follow-up empirical studies are being conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of PM on asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this review, we have briefly introduced the characteristics of PM and discussed its effects on public health.

Experimental study of a low-thrust measurement system for thruster ground tests.

The development of thrusters used for the control of position and orbit of micro-satellites requires thrust stands that can measure low thrust. A new method to measure low thrust is presented, and the measuring device is described. The test results show that the thrust range is up to 1000 mN, the measurement error of the device is lower than ±1% of full scale, and the drift of the zero offset is less than ±1% of full scale.

[Experimental study on spectra of compressed air microwave plasma].

Using a microwave plasma generator, compressed air microwave plasma was excited under 1 - 5 atm pressures. Under different pressures and different incident microwave power, the emission spectra of compressed air microwave plasma were studied with a spectra measuring system. The results show that continuum is significant at atmospheric pressure and the characteristic will be weakened as the pressure increases.

[Spectrum diagnosis of enhanced arcjet thruster using hydrazine propellant].

A set of spectrum diagnostic system was established. With this system, spectrum analysis was carried out for the plume signal of enhanced arcjet thrust using catalytic decomposition products of hydrazine as propellant. Excitation plume temperatures for various wavelengths were obtained through measuring spectral radiation intensity.

[Physical meaning of temperature measured by spectral line intensity method].

The difference between electron temperature and excitation temperature is analyzed in the aspect of statistics thermodynamics. It is presented clearly that the temperature acquired by spectral line intensity method is not free electron temperature, but internal electronic excitation temperature of heavy particle. Under thermal equilibrium condition, the excitation temperature is equal to the electron temperature, while under non-thermal equilibrium condition, the excitation temperature is not equal to the electron temperature.