Sensitive SERS detection of trace methamphetamine in complex samples through sharp-spiked gold nanostructure.

Taking a massive overdose of methamphetamine (MAMP), which is one of the most prevalent illicit drugs in the world, will stimulate central nervous system, impair both physical and mental health and even lead to death. Therefore, the rapid quantitative testing in the field of MAMP is of great importance to law enforcement agencies. In this study, a branched, sharp-spiked gold nanostructure, named AuNS@4-MBA, is successfully synthesized at room temperature.

Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children.

Importance: Time spent outdoors has been proven effective in preventing myopia, but little is known about the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopia.

Objective: To examine the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopic shift in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 1-year prospective cohort study from December 2017 to December 2018 was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial (Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia [STORM]).

Compressive strain in Cu catalysts: Enhancing generation of C products in electrochemical CO reduction.

Elastic strain in Cu catalysts enhances their selectivity for the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR), particularly toward the formation of multicarbon (C) products. However, the reasons for this selectivity and the effect of catalyst precursors have not yet been clarified. Hence, we employed a redox strategy to induce strain on the surface of Cu nanocrystals.

Short-term effects of sunlight exposure on fundus blood flow perfusion in children: a randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the short-term effects of different sunlight exposure on fundus blood flow perfusion (BFP) after near work.

Methods: In this parallel randomised controlled trial, 81 students aged 7-15 with spherical equivalent refraction between -2.00 and +3.

Measuring myofascial shear strain in chronic shoulder pain with ultrasound shear strain imaging: a case report.

Background: Dysfunctional gliding of deep fascia and muscle layers forms the basis of myofascial pain and dysfunction, which can cause chronic shoulder pain. Ultrasound shear strain imaging may offer a non-invasive tool to quantitatively evaluate the extent of muscular dysfunctional gliding and its correlation with pain. This case study is the first to use ultrasound shear strain imaging to report the shear strain between the pectoralis major and minor muscles in shoulders with and without chronic pain.

Detection of COVID-19 features in lung ultrasound images using deep neural networks.

Background: Deep neural networks (DNNs) to detect COVID-19 features in lung ultrasound B-mode images have primarily relied on either in vivo or simulated images as training data. However, in vivo images suffer from limited access to required manual labeling of thousands of training image examples, and simulated images can suffer from poor generalizability to in vivo images due to domain differences. We address these limitations and identify the best training strategy.

The effect of antioxidant dietary supplements and diet-derived circulating antioxidants on vitiligo outcome: evidence from genetic association and comprehensive Mendelian randomization.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that antioxidant diets may have a positive impact on vitiligo by interfering with oxidative stress mechanisms. However, there has been a lack of research utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to analyze the relationship between antioxidant diet intake and vitiligo.

Methods: In this study, we employed both univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) approaches.

Solid chip-based detection of trace morphine in solutions via portable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

The accurate, sensitive and portable detection of morphine is important to handle judicial cases, but remains to be a great challenge. In this work, a flexible route is presented for the accurate identification and efficient detection of trace morphine in solutions based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and a solid substrate/chip. A gold-coated jagged silicon nanoarray (Au-JSiNA) is designed and prepared via Si-based polystyrene colloidal template-reactive ion etching and sputtering deposition of Au.

Tetra-Nuclear Cluster-Based Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks as White Phosphor, Information Encryption, Self-Calibrating Thermometers, and Fe Sensors.

The application of one kind of metal-organic framework (MOF) material used in multiple fields is one of the most interesting research topics. In this work, four new tetra-nuclear cluster-based lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (LnMOFs) [Ln(BTDB)(DMA)(phen)] (Ln = Tb , Eu , Gd , TbEu , 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4',4″-dicarboxytriphenylamine = , 1,10-phenanthroline = phen) are obtained based on the ligand of that is synthesized in our laboratory, and the precise single-crystal structure of is obtained for the first time. The white phosphor was obtained by facilely hybridizing two components of the orange-yellow emission phosphor of and the blue luminescence material of triphenylamine according to the trichromatic theory.

HIF2α-induced upregulation of RNASET2 promotes triglyceride synthesis and enhances cell migration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common malignant subtype of renal cell carcinoma, is characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. RNASET2 is a protein coding gene with a low expression level in ovarian cancers, but it is overexpressed in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. There is a correlation between RNASET2 upregulation and triglyceride expression levels in human serum but is unknown whether such an association is a factor contributing to lipid accumulation in ccRCC.

A Review of Deep Learning Applications in Lung Ultrasound Imaging of COVID-19 Patients.

The massive and continuous spread of COVID-19 has motivated researchers around the world to intensely explore, understand, and develop new techniques for diagnosis and treatment. Although lung ultrasound imaging is a less established approach when compared to other medical imaging modalities such as X-ray and CT, multiple studies have demonstrated its promise to diagnose COVID-19 patients. At the same time, many deep learning models have been built to improve the diagnostic efficiency of medical imaging.

Framework Nucleic Acids as Blood-Retinal-Barrier-Penetrable Nanocarrier for Periocular Administration.

Designing an ocular drugs delivery system that can permeate the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) is crucial for the microinvasive or noninvasive treatment of ocular fundus diseases. However, due to the lack of a nanocarrier that can maintain structure and composition at the oBRB, only intravitreal injection at the eyeball can deliver therapeutics directly to the ocular fundus via paracellular and intercellular routes, despite the intraocular operations risks. Here, we demonstrated tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) can penetrate the oBRB and deliver therapeutic nucleic acids to the retina of the rat eye in vivo following subconjunctival injection.

Rapid and sensitive SERS detection of opioids in solutions based on the solid chip Au-coated Si nano-cone array.

Rapid and flexible detection or accurate recognition of trace drugs is of great importance in cracking down on drug crimes, but it remains to be expected. Here, a solid chip is presented for the efficient detection and recognition of trace opioids (typically morphine) in aqueous solutions based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Firstly, a Au-coated Si nano-cone array (Au-SNCA) is designed and fabricated via Si-based organic colloidal template etching and Au deposition.

Study of the separation ability differences of three covalent organic frameworks as coated materials in capillary electrochromatography.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have great potential applications in chromatographic separation. So it is crucial to understand the relationship between the separation ability of COFs and their structures. Here we report a strategy to evaluate the separation ability of three 2D COFs and explore the relationship between separation ability and their molecular structures.

Epigenetic Control of Autophagy Related Genes Transcription in Pulpitis via JMJD3.

Autophagy is an intracellular self-cannibalization process delivering cytoplasmic components to lysosomes for digestion. Autophagy has been reported to be involved in pulpitis, but the regulation of autophagy during pulpitis progression is largely unknown. To figure out the epigenetic regulation of autophagy during pulpitis, we screened several groups of histone methyltransferases and demethylases in response to TNFα treatment.

[Preparation of a two-dimensional azine-linked covalent organic framework-coated capillary and its application to the separation of nitrophenol environmental endocrine disruptors by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography].

As a class of new porous crystalline materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attracting the attention of a large number of scientists. Because of their large specific surface area, low density, high stability, and tunable pore size, COFs have been widely applied in many fields, including analytical chemistry. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) is a mode of capillary electrochromatography.

Exploring the diagnostic value of photoacoustic imaging for breast cancer: the identification of regional photoacoustic signal differences of breast tumors.

We examined 14 benign and 26 malignant breast nodules by a handheld dual-modal PA/US imaging system and analyzed the data using the quantitative and semi-quantitative method. The and PA scores of different regions of the benign and malignant nodules were compared, and the diagnostic performances of two diagnostic methods based on PA parameters were evaluated. For both quantitative and semi-quantitative results, significant differences in the distributions of PA signals in different regions of benign and malignant breast lesions were identified.

Functional photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging for the assessment of breast intraductal lesions: preliminary clinical findings.

This study aimed to identify features of breast intraductal lesions in photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging and compare PA/US with color Doppler flow/ultrasound (CDFI/US) in the evaluation of breast intraductal lesions. In the nine patients with 10 breast intraductal lesions and 8 patients with 8 benign lesions, total vessel scores evaluated from PA/US are significantly greater than those from CDFI/US (p=0.005).

The Involvement of Histone Methylation in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Bone is a hard but dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled throughout the life process. The dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation is very important. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation; therefore, their roles as the promising tool for the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases have become the focus in regenerative medicine in recent years.

Exosome-Derived Noncoding RNAs as a Promising Treatment of Bone Regeneration.

The reconstruction of large bone defects remains a crucial challenge in orthopedic surgery. The current treatments including autologous and allogenic bone grafting and bioactive materials have their respective drawbacks. While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may address these limitations, growing researches have demonstrated that the effectiveness of MSC therapy depends on paracrine factors, particularly exosomes.

A three-dimensional modeling method for quantitative photoacoustic breast imaging with handheld probe.

By providing complementary functional information, photoacoustic (PA) breast imaging based on the handheld ultrasound (US) probe has demonstrated promising potential for breast cancer diagnosis. However, the quantitative PA imaging primarily relies on the knowledge of the optical fluence distribution in the three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous breast tissue. Previous studies based on the handheld system generally provided two-dimensional (2D) B-scan results, which contains limited anatomical information of the tissue and the lesion.

Analysis of volatile components in inkjet printouts by GC-MS: A classification method.

Considering the high use of inkjet printing in forgery cases, the classification of inkjet printing is particularly important in questioned document examination. In this work, a universal GC-MS method has been developed to analyze various ink components extracted from inkjet printouts. The results indicated that several components detected and identified across 195 inks could be used to distinguish printer manufacturers.

A Multiple Primary Malignancy Patient With FANCA Gene Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) refer to two or more primary malignant tumors in the same individual, the prevalence of which ranges from 0. 734 to 11.7%.

Quantitative analysis of breast tumours aided by three-dimensional photoacoustic/ultrasound functional imaging.

In this pilot study, we explored a quantitative method to analyse characteristics of breast tumours using 3D volumetric data obtained from a three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) functional imaging system. Imaging results from 24 Asian patients with maximum tumour diameters less than 2 cm, including 8 benign tumours, 16 T1 stage invasive breast cancers (IBCs), and 22 normal breasts, were analysed. We found that the volumetric mean oxygenation saturation (SO) in tumour regions of T1 stage IBCs was 7.