Nanocarriers for gene delivery to the cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular diseases have posed a great threat to human health. Fortunately, gene therapy holds great promise in the fight against cardiovascular disease (CVD). In gene therapy, it is necessary to select the appropriate carriers to deliver the genes to the target cells of the target organs.

Oct4 reduction contributes to testicular injury of unilateral testicular torsion in mice model and apoptotic death of Sertoli cells through mediating CIP2A expression.

This study explored the mechanism of ipsilateral testis injury after ipsilateral testicular torsion detorsion (T/D) and the potential testis-protective part of the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4)-cancerous inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) axis in a T/D animal model and in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-treated testicular Sertoli TM4 cells. Quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot (WB) confirmed the downregulation of both CIP2A and Oct4 expression in the testicular tissue from T/D mice compared with sham-operated mice. T/D model was then established in mice with upregulated Oct4 expression in the testis.