The therapeutic effect and mechanism of carnosic acid in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a vision-threatening corneal infectious disease. However, clinically therapeutic medicines cannot attain ideal efficacy due to limited control of fungal virulence and excessive inflammatory response. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene, which has been reported to have multiple abilities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.

Rutin resists Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibiting Dectin-1/p-Syk pathway and affecting fungal structures.

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe vision-threatening eye disease. The fungal invasiveness and excessive inflammatory response contribute to corneal tissue damage. Rutin (RT) possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and improved wound-healing characteristics.

Hydroxytyrosol downregulates inflammatory responses via Nrf2/HO-1 axis during fungal keratitis and exerts antifungal effects.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of hydroxytyrosol (HT) in fungal keratitis.

Methods: Mouse models with Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis, human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and RAW 264.

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Offers an Anti-Inflammatory and Antifungal Method in the Treatment of Keratitis in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Fungal keratitis is a serious blinding eye disease. Traditional drugs used to treat fungal keratitis commonly have the disadvantages of low bioavailability, poor dispersion, and limited permeability.

Purpose: To develop a new method for the treatment of fungal keratitis with improved bioavailability, dispersion, and permeability.

Chelerythrine ameliorates Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis through suppressing the LOX-1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Purpose: Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis is a type of infectious corneal disease that significantly impairs vision. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of chelerythrine (CHE) on A.

Rosmarinic acid alleviates fungal keratitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus by inducing macrophage autophagy.

Fungal keratitis (FK) is an infectious keratopathy can cause serious damage to vision. Its severity is related to the virulence of fungus and response of inflammatory. Rosmarinic acid (RA) extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties.

Ebselen improves fungal keratitis through exerting anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and antifungal effects.

Fungal keratitis is a severely vision-threatening corneal infection, where the prognosis depends on both fungal virulence and host immune defense. Inappropriate host responses can induce substantial inflammatory damage to the cornea. Therefore, in the treatment of fungal keratitis, it is important to concurrently regulate the immune response while efforts are made to eliminate the pathogen.

Resveratrol has neuroprotective effects and plays an anti-inflammatory role through Dectin-1/p38 pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.

Purpose: To determine the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of resveratrol (RES) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.

Methods: Cytotoxicity assay and Draize eye assay were performed to assess the toxicity of RES.

Plumbagin inhibits fungal growth, HMGB1/LOX-1 pathway and inflammatory factors in keratitis.

To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects of plumbagin (PL) in () keratitis, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-killing curve, spore adhesion, crystal violet staining, calcium fluoride white staining, and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining were employed to assess the antifungal activity of PL against . The cytotoxicity of PL was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). The impact of PL on the expression of HMGB1, LOX-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and ROS in keratitis was investigated using RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay.

Formononetin protects against Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis: Targeting inflammation and fungal load.

Purpose: To investigate the potential treatment of formononetin (FMN) on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis with anti-inflammatory and antifungal activity.

Methods: The effects of FMN on mice with A.

Mesoporous zinc oxide-based drug delivery system offers an antifungal and immunoregulatory strategy for treating keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a refractory eye disease that is prone to causing blindness. Fungal virulence and inflammatory responses are two major factors that accelerate the course of fungal keratitis. However, the current antifungal drugs used for treatment usually possess transient residence time on the ocular surface and low bioavailability deficiencies, which limit their therapeutic efficacy.

Oxymatrine mitigates Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by suppressing fungal activity and restricting pyroptosis.

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a refractory keratitis caused by excessive inflammation and fungal damage. Excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage and corneal opacity, resulting in a poor prognosis for FK. Oxymatrine (OMT) is a natural alkaloid, which has rich pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammation.

Pseudolaric Acid B Ameliorates Fungal Keratitis Progression by Suppressing Inflammation and Reducing Fungal Load.

This study aimed to determine the mechanisms of antifungal and anti-inflammation effects of pseudolaric acid B (PAB) on () keratitis. In vitro MIC assay and crystal violet staining were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PAB against . PAB inhibited growth and inhibited the formation of fungal biofilms in a dose-dependent manner.

Benzyl isothiocyanate improves the prognosis of keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting Mincle signal pathway.

keratitis is a potential blinding disease associated with invasion and excessive inflammatory response. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a secondary metabolite with broad antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity extracted from cruciferous species. However, the role of BITC in keratitis has not been discovered yet.

Pentoxifylline treats Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal burden and suppressing corneal inflammation.

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a blinding ocular disease, which mainly results from fungal damage and excessive inflammation. Pentoxifylline, a kind of methylxanthine, has been discovered to have anti-inflammatory properties in various infectious diseases, hinting a potential therapeutic effect on treating corneal fungal infection. Whereas, the therapeutic impact of pentoxifylline on fungal keratitis is still uncertain.

The therapeutic role and mechanism of 4-Methoxycinnamic acid in fungal keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is an infectious vision-threatening disease that has a poor prognosis, and the clinical therapeutic drugs have multiple limitations, such as epithelial toxicity and low bioavailability. Therefore, new antifungal treatment strategies must be developed. 4-Methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) is a widely occurring natural phenolic acid that has been proven to have multiple effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and inhibiting cancer.

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates fungal keratitis by limiting fungal growth and inhibiting pyroptosis.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in fungal keratitis.

Methods: Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and mouse models of fungal keratitis were used in this study. The antifungal effect of DMF on Aspergillus fumigatus (A.

Flavopiridol Protects against Fungal Keratitis due to by Alleviating Inflammation through the Promotion of Autophagy.

Fungal keratitis is a serious infectious keratopathy related to fungal virulence and excessive inflammatory responses. Autophagy exhibits a potent ability to resolve inflammation during fungal infection. This study aimed to investigate the protective function of flavopiridol in keratitis and explore its effects on autophagy.

New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes.

The intraocular malignancies, which mostly originate from the retina and uvea, exhibit a high incidence of blindness and even death. Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are the most common intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. The high risks of distant metastases lead to an extremely poor prognosis.

Drug-loaded mesoporous carbon with sustained drug release capacity and enhanced antifungal activity to treat fungal keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a severe infectious corneal disease with a high rate of incidence and blindness. Since traditional treatments natamycin (NATA) eye drops, exhibit poor dissolution and bioavailability, and the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches remains limited. In this study, we innovatively utilized mesoporous carbon (Meso-C) and microporous carbon (Micro-C) as nanocarriers loaded with the antifungal drug NATA and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs).

Mechanism of antifungal activity and therapeutic action of β-ionone on Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis via suppressing LOX1 and JNK/p38 MAPK activation.

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antifungal role of β-ionone (BI) in fungal keratitis (FK).

Methods: In vitro antifungal activity of BI against Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) was evaluated by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), crystal violet staining, biofilm biomass measurement, propidium iodide uptake test, and adherence assay.

Eugenol protects against Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting inflammatory response and reducing fungal load.

Fungal keratitis is a corneal infection, which severely impairs vision. The fungal pathogen provokes host immune response, but the excessive inflammatory response causes significant collateral damage to the cornea. Eugenol, the main component of clove oil, has been found to have a broad range of pharmacological activities including anti-microbial, antioxidation and anti-inflammation.

Kaempferol ameliorate the prognosis of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting the Dectin-1 and p38 MAPK pathway.

Fungal keratitis is one of leading reasons for blindness in the world, which causes corneal blindness mainly due to excessive inflammatory responses. Kaempferol (KAE) is a natural flavonoid which has potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether KAE plays protective roles in fungal keratitis and the potentially protective mechanisms are unrevealed.

Antifungal and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Punicalagin on Murine Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and antifungal effect of punicalagin in murine fungal keratitis.

Methods: We used in vitro and in vivo protocols to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and antifungal effect of punicalagin. In vitro, time kill and mycelial stain were done.

α- MSH Plays Anti-inflammatory and Anti-fungal Role in Keratitis.

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antifungal role of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in () keratitis.

Method: Corneas of C57BL/6 mice were infected with . α-MSH (5 ul, 1×10 mmol/ml) was given by subconjunctival injection from day 1 to day 3 post infection (p.