Isolation and Evaluation of Indigenous Isolates of and Synergistic Control of with the Parasitoid .

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) are capable of infecting a variety of insect pests and are widely used as biopesticides worldwide. This study intended to isolate indigenous EPFs from cadavers of and investigate their effects on the fall armyworm (FAW), a globally widespread invasive pest. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed four native EPF strains all belong to .

Event-specific and persistent representations for contextual states in orbitofrontal neurons.

Flexible and context-dependent behaviors require animals, including humans, to identify their current contextual state for proper rules to apply, especially when information that defines these states is partially observable. Depending on behavioral needs, contextual states usually persist for prolonged periods and across other events, including sensory stimuli, actions, and rewards, highlighting prominent challenges of holding a reliable state representation. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial in behaviors requiring the identification of the current context (e.

Converting an allocentric goal into an egocentric steering signal.

Neuronal signals that are relevant for spatial navigation have been described in many species. However, a circuit-level understanding of how such signals interact to guide navigational behaviour is lacking. Here we characterize a neuronal circuit in the Drosophila central complex that compares internally generated estimates of the heading and goal angles of the fly-both of which are encoded in world-centred (allocentric) coordinates-to generate a body-centred (egocentric) steering signal.

Core decompression vs. allogenic non-vascularized bone grafting in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Background: Core decompression and allogenic non-vascularized bone grafting are used in the early stage of osteonecrosis of the femoral head for a period. Since the comparison of the core decompression and allogenic non-vascularized bone grafting are less reported, the purpose of our study was to investigate the difference of two procedures in patients with the osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Methods: Between January 2018 and January 2019, 59 patients (64 hips) were divided into core decompression group and non-vascularized bone grafting group according to their procedures.

Erianin suppresses constitutive activation of MAPK signaling pathway by inhibition of CRAF and MEK1/2.

Constitutive activation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway (MAPK pathway) frequently occurs in many cancers harboring RAS or RAF oncogenic mutations. Because of the paradoxical activation induced by a single use of BRAF or MEK inhibitors, dual-target RAF and MEK treatment is thought to be a promising strategy. In this work, we evaluated erianin is a novel inhibitor of CRAF and MEK1/2 kinases, thus suppressing constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway induced by BRAF V600E or RAS mutations.

Potential distribution of three types of ephemeral plants under climate changes.

Background: Arid and semi-arid regions account for about 40% of the world's land surface area, and are the most sensitive areas to climate change, leading to a dramatic expansion of arid regions in recent decades. Ephemeral plants are crucial herbs in this area and are very sensitive to climate change, but it is still unclear which factors can determine the distribution of ephemeral plants and how the distribution of ephemeral plants responds to future climate change across the globe.

Aims: Understanding the impact of climate change on ephemeral plant distribution is crucial for sustainable biodiversity conservation.

Survival of a patient who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to postoperative myocardial infarction: A case report.

Background: Cardiac arrest after noncardiac surgery is a dangerous complication that may contribute to mortality. Because of the high mortality rate and many complications of cardiac arrest, it is very important to identify and correct a reversible etiology early. By reporting the treatment process of this case, we aimed to broaden the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest after noncardiac surgery and describe how cardiopulmonary resuscitation using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can improve a patient's chance of survival.

Effect of salt stress and nitrogen supply on seed germination and early seedling growth of three coastal halophytes.

Due to high salinity and low nutrient concentrations, the coastal zone is considered as one of the most vulnerable of the earth's habitats. Thus, the effect of salt and nitrogen on growth and development of coastal halophytes has been extensively investigated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to the crucial stages of plant establishment, such as seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, we carried out a field experiment to evaluate the effects of salt stress (6, 10 and 20 g/kg NaCl) and nitrogen supply (0, 6 and 12 gmyear) on seed germination and seedling growth of three coastal halophytes (including two dominant herb species and , one constructive shrub species ) from September 2020 to June 2021.

Is Plant Life-History of Biseasonal Germination Consistent in Response to Extreme Precipitation?

Future climate is projected to increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation events, and the resulting ecological consequences are often more serious than those of normal precipitation events. In particular, in desert ecosystems, due to the low frequency and strong fluctuation of extreme precipitation, the destructive consequences for desert plants caused by extreme precipitation have not received enough attention for some time. Based on statistics of extreme precipitation events (1965-2018) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, we investigated the effects of extreme precipitation (+0%, CK; +50%, W1; +100%, W2; +200%, W3; maintenance of field capacity, W4) on the plant life-history of the spring-germinated (SG) and autumn-germinated (AG) ephemeral plant by monitoring seedling emergence, survival, phenology, organ size, biomass accumulation, and allocation.

Is the Life History Flexibility of Cold Desert Annuals Broad Enough to Cope with Predicted Climate Change? The Case of in Central Asia.

Interannual seasonal variability in precipitation may strongly affect the life history and growth of desert annual plants. We compared the effects of dry and wet springs and dry and wet autumns on growth and F2 seed dormancy of plants from spring (SG)- and autumn (AG)-germinated seeds of the cold desert annual . Vegetative and reproductive growth and F2 seed dormancy and germination were monitored from September 2016 to November 2020 in the sandy Gurbantunggut Desert in NW China in Central Asia.

Identifying Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony on a Small Dataset Using Image-Based Transfer Learning.

Mechanical ventilation is an essential life-support treatment for patients who cannot breathe independently. Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) occurs when ventilatory support does not match the needs of the patient and is associated with a series of adverse clinical outcomes. Deep learning methods have shown a strong discriminative ability for PVA detection, but they require a large number of annotated data for model training, which hampers their application to this task.

An interpretable 1D convolutional neural network for detecting patient-ventilator asynchrony in mechanical ventilation.

Background And Objective: Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is the result of a mismatch between the need of patients and the assistance provided by the ventilator during mechanical ventilation. Because the poor interaction between the patient and the ventilator is associated with inferior clinical outcomes, effort should be made to identify and correct their occurrence. Deep learning has shown promising ability in PVA detection; however, lack of network interpretability hampers its application in clinic.

Risk Factors for Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony and Its Impact on Clinical Outcomes: Analytics Based on Deep Learning Algorithm.

Patient-ventilator asynchronies (PVAs) are common in mechanically ventilated patients. However, the epidemiology of PVAs and its impact on clinical outcome remains controversial. The current study aims to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors of PVAs and their impact on clinical outcomes using big data analytics.

Cumulative oxygen deficit is a novel predictor for the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress.

Background And Objectives: The timing of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is controversial in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory hypoxemia. The study aimed to develop a novel predictor called cumulative oxygen deficit (COD) for the risk stratification.

Methods: The study was conducted in four designated hospitals for treating COVID-19 patients in Jingmen, Wuhan, from January to March 2020.

Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data.

Lung mechanics during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for both prognostic and therapeutic implications; however, the full trajectory lung mechanics has never been described for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring IMV. The study aimed to describe the full trajectory of lung mechanics of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. The clinical and ventilator setting that can influence patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) and compliance were explored.

Effects of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block on postoperative analgesia and plasma cytokine levels after uniportal VATS: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Although uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely used, the associated postoperative pain is still severe. Currently, a variety of regional anesthesia methods have been used to relieve postoperative pain. In our study, we wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) as a postoperative analgesia after uniportal VATS.

Detection of patient-ventilator asynchrony from mechanical ventilation waveforms using a two-layer long short-term memory neural network.

Background And Objective: Mismatch between invasive mechanical ventilation and the requirements of patients results in patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA), which is associated with a series of adverse clinical outcomes. Although the efficiency of the available approaches for automatically detecting various types of PVA from the ventilator waveforms is unsatisfactory, the feasibility of powerful deep learning approaches in addressing this problem has not been investigated.

Methods: We propose a 2-layer long short-term memory (LSTM) network to detect two most frequently encountered types of PVA, namely, double triggering (DT) and ineffective inspiratory effort during expiration (IEE), on two datasets.

[Effects of increased precipitation on growth of two ephemeral plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China].

Ephemeral plants are a major component of biodiversity in the deserts of Northwest China, with important ecological functions. Information on plant morphological characteristics and biomass accumulation and allocation during different growth stages could enhance our understanding of the functional features and survival strategy of ephemeral plants. We examined the effects of increased precipitation on ephemeral species Eremopyrum distans and Nepeta micrantha in the Gurbantunggut Desert.

Exogenous NADPH ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through activating AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Our previous study shows that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) plays an important role in protecting against cerebral ischemia injury. In this study we investigated whether NADPH exerted cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To induce myocardial I/R injury, rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h.

Cystatin C improves blood-brain barrier integrity after ischemic brain injury in mice.

Cystatin C, a well-established biomarker of renal function, has been associated with a protective effect against stroke. However, the potential neuroprotective mechanism of cystatin C in ischemic brain injury remains unclear. Our study hypothesized that cystatin C can ameliorate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption by up-regulating caveolin-1 expression, thereby improving neurological outcomes in cerebral ischemic injury.

Life history responses of spring-and autumn-germinated ephemeral plants to increased nitrogen and precipitation in the Gurbantunggut Desert.

Nitrogen deposition and precipitation change are not only hot topics of current global change but also the main environmental factors affecting plant growth. Thus, the effects of nitrogen and precipitation on the life history of spring-(SG) and autumn-germinated (AG) ephemeral plants of Erodium oxyrhynchum were researched in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northern China, and the aim was to understand the response of plants from different germination seasons to global change. SG and AG plants with increased nitrogen and precipitation plus nitrogen treatments were measured to determine seedling survival, phenology, plant traits, biomass accumulation and allocation and dormancy characteristics of offspring (seeds).

Effects of increased precipitation on the life history of spring- and autumn-germinated plants of the cold desert annual (Geraniaceae).

Future increased precipitation in cold desert ecosystems may impact annual/ephemeral plant species that germinate in both spring and autumn. Our primary aim was to compare the life history characteristics of plants from spring-germinating (SG) and autumn-germinating (AG) seeds of Plants in field plots with simulated increases in precipitation of 0, 30 and 50 % in spring and summer were monitored to determine seedling survival, phenology, plant size, seed production and biomass accumulation and allocation. Germination characteristics were determined in the laboratory for seeds produced by plants in all increased precipitation treatments.

Life history responses of two ephemeral plant species to increased precipitation and nitrogen in the Gurbantunggut Desert.

Precipitation change and nitrogen deposition are not only hot topics of current global change but also the main environmental factors affecting plant growth in desert ecosystems. Thus, we performed an experiment of increased precipitation, nitrogen, and precipitation plus nitrogen on the ephemeral annual species and in the Gurbantunggut Desert. We aimed to determine the life history responses of and to environment changes, and the germination percentage of the offspring (seeds) was also tested in the laboratory.