Tunable Activated Esters Enable Lysine-Selective Protein Labeling and Profiling.

Lysine residues on protein surfaces are abundant and often found in enzyme active sites, making them critical targets for studying undruggable proteins. However, the varied microenvironment surrounding lysine residues results in a wide range of p values, complicating site-specific covalent binding. In this study, we address the challenges posed by the diverse reactivity of amino side chains by modulating the amide reaction activity of heteroaromatic activated esters.

Oriented regulation of earthworm production and vermicompost quality by carbon bioavailability management.

Vermicomposting is an efficient bioconversion technology for recycling nutrients from organic waste materials. The biodegradability of raw materials has a significant impact on the earthworm transformation product. However, the management of carbon bioavailability is often overlooked during the vermicomposting process due to the varying degradability of C-rich source in different organic waste.

Silicate-based mineral materials promote submerged plant growth: Insights from plant physiology and microbiomes.

Restoring submerged plants naturally has been a significant challenge in water ecology restoration programs. Some silicate-based mineral materials have shown promise in improving the substrate properties for plant growth. While it is well-established that silicate mineral materials enhance submerged plant growth by improving salt release and reducing salt stress, the influence of rhizosphere microorganisms on phytohormone synthesis and key enzyme activities has been underestimated.

Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the mechanism behind Gynostemma pentaphyllum's efficacy against osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of malignant bone tumor, that poses a serious threat to the lives and health of children and adolescents. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have gained attention for treating OS because of their potent anti-cancer effects and fewer side effects. It is commonly understood that Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.

The Emerging Role of Herbal Medicines in Cancer by Interfering with Posttranslational Modifications.

Herbal medicines have a long history of comprehensive cancer treatment through various posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Recently, emerging evidence revealed that dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-regulated signaling pathways influence cancer initiation, growth, and progression in a paradoxical role with either low levels or increasing levels of basal ROS. However, ROS-triggered modifications of target proteins in the face of ROS-mediated signal transduction are not fully understood in the anticancer therapies of herbal medicines.

Reservoir-computing based associative memory and itinerancy for complex dynamical attractors.

Traditional neural network models of associative memories were used to store and retrieve static patterns. We develop reservoir-computing based memories for complex dynamical attractors, under two common recalling scenarios in neuropsychology: location-addressable with an index channel and content-addressable without such a channel. We demonstrate that, for location-addressable retrieval, a single reservoir computing machine can memorize a large number of periodic and chaotic attractors, each retrievable with a specific index value.

A partial siphon operational strategy strengthens nitrogen removal performance in partially saturated vertical flow constructed wetlands.

The carbon‒oxygen balance has always been problematic in constructed wetlands (CWs), putting pressure on stable and efficient nitrogen removal. In this study, a novel partial siphon operational strategy was developed to further optimize the carbon and oxygen distributions of a partially saturated vertical flow CW (SVFCW) to enhance nitrogen removal. The removal performances of the partial siphon SVFCW (S-SVFCW) were monitored and compared with those of the SVFCWs at different partial siphon depths (15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm) in both the warm and cold seasons.

Reassessing the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in constructed wetlands.

Biogenic carbon emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH), have emerged as a major concern during organic pollutant degradation within constructed wetlands (CWs). Since these organic compounds primarily originate from the photosynthetic fixation of atmospheric CO, it potentially introduces uncertainty when assessing the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in CWs based on direct field observations. To objectively assessing this effect, this study proposed a new strategy by quantifying CO-equivalent (CO-eq) changes as carbon passes through CWs and tested it in various types of CWs based on 64 literature records.

Maltitol-Derived Sacrificial Agent for Enhancing the Compatibility between PCE and Cement Paste.

At present, it is known that when there is clay in concrete, polycarboxylates (PCE) will preferably adsorb in the clay, so that PCE cannot be fully combined with cement particles, which reduces the workability of the cement slurry. In this paper, a new type of maltitol-ammonium salt cationic (KN-lm) sacrificial agent (SA) has been successfully developed via a simple method, which makes PCE easier to bond with cement particles in the cement slurry containing clay. The effect of KN-lm on the fluidity of clay-containing cement paste is studied, and the experimental results show that KN-lm, as an efficient SA of cement slurry, makes PCE more compatible with clay-containing cement slurry, and increases the initial fluidity of cement slurry by about 19%.

Network pharmacology-based research on the effect of Radix Astragali on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism.

To explore the anti-tumor effects of Radix Astragali on osteosarcoma and its mechanism. We analyzed the PPI network of Radix Astragali's potential targets for treating osteosarcoma and got the hub targets. We used KM curves to screen hub targets that could prolong sarcoma patients' survival time.

Downstream STING pathways IRF3 and NF-κB differentially regulate CCL22 in response to cytosolic dsDNA.

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is abnormal and typically indicates the presence of pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Multiple sensors detect cytosolic dsDNA and trigger robust immune responses via activation of type I interferons. Several cancer immunotherapy treatments also activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways, including oncolytic viruses, nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines, and pharmacological agonists.

Greenhouse gas emissions from constructed wetlands: A bibliometric analysis and mini-review.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely applied in wastewater treatment; however, the degradation of organic pollutants within CWs leads to substantial emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Under the low-carbon economy, GHG emissions have emerged as a major concern, and have been intensively studied in the CW field. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric review using CiteSpace and a global-scale analysis of GHG emission levels based on 286 records and proposed potential approaches for the future control of GHG emissions in CWs.

Model-free tracking control of complex dynamical trajectories with machine learning.

Nonlinear tracking control enabling a dynamical system to track a desired trajectory is fundamental to robotics, serving a wide range of civil and defense applications. In control engineering, designing tracking control requires complete knowledge of the system model and equations. We develop a model-free, machine-learning framework to control a two-arm robotic manipulator using only partially observed states, where the controller is realized by reservoir computing.

Deficient AMPK activity contributes to hyperexcitability in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons and thermal hyperalgesia in lupus mice.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often suffer from chronic pain. Little is known about the peripheral mechanisms underlying the genesis of chronic pain induced by SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how membrane properties in nociceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) are altered by SLE.

Forest Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs/Synergies and System Function Optimization in Karst Desertification Control.

Karst desertification control forests are essential for ecosystem multi functionality, but the trade-offs/synergies are unclear for forest ecosystem services. In order to clarify the trade-offs/synergies, this study was conducted on eight forest communities in a karst desertification control area and was based on vegetation surveys and structural and functional monitoring. It analyzes water holding capacity, species diversity, soil conservation, and carbon storage characteristics and their trade-off/synergies.

Thin boundary layer model underestimates greenhouse gas diffusion from inland waterways.

Inland waters are significant sources of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The thin boundary layer (TBL) model is often employed as a means of estimating GHG diffusion in inland waters based on gas transfer velocity (k) at the air-water interface, with k being subject to regulation by near-surface turbulence that is primarily driven by wind speed in many cases. This wind speed-based estimation of k (wind-k), however, can introduce substantial uncertainty for turbulent waterways where wind speed does not accurately represent overall turbulence.

Effects of growth feedback on adaptive gene circuits: A dynamical understanding.

The successful integration of engineered gene circuits into host cells remains a significant challenge in synthetic biology due to circuit-host interactions, such as growth feedback, where the circuit influences cell growth and vice versa. Understanding the dynamics of circuit failures and identifying topologies resilient to growth feedback are crucial for both fundamental and applied research. Utilizing transcriptional regulation circuits with adaptation as a paradigm, we systematically study more than four hundred topological structures and uncover various categories of failures.

Network pharmacology-based research on the effect of angelicin on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism.

To explore the antitumor effects of angelicin on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experiments. We analyzed a PPI network of potential angelicin targets in the treatment of osteosarcoma and identified hub targets.

CD44 expression is correlated with osteosarcoma cell progression and immune infiltration and affects the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

CD44 is associated with a variety of human diseases and plays a potential role in tumorigenesis, however, the mechanism of its role in osteosarcoma remains unclear. We analyzed the expression of CD44 in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and genotype-tissue expression pan-cancer data and found that it was highly expressed in most tumors, including sarcoma. The expression of CD44 in osteosarcoma cell lines was higher than that in human osteoblast cell line in the results of the Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining assay.

Outstanding Humidity Chemiresistors Based on Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework Films for Human Respiration Monitoring.

Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis. However, ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge. Herein, chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue, which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance.

Short-lived chimera states.

In the classic Kuramoto system of coupled two-dimensional rotators, chimera states characterized by the coexistence of synchronous and asynchronous groups of oscillators are long-lived because the average lifetime of these states increases exponentially with the system size. Recently, it was discovered that, when the rotators in the Kuramoto model are three-dimensional, the chimera states become short-lived in the sense that their lifetime scales with only the logarithm of the dimension-augmenting perturbation. We introduce transverse-stability analysis to understand the short-lived chimera states.

Clinical observation of Porcine Collagen Membrane + artificial Bovine Bone Granules Guided tissue regeneration combined with Autologous CGF in the treatment of severe periodontitis bone defect.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the clinical observation of porcine collagen membrane + artificial bovine bone granules guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with autologous concentration of growth factors (CGF) in the treatment of severe periodontitis bone defect.

Methods: A total of 94 patients with severe periodontitis bone defects admitted to Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were included. They were divided into two groups by simple randomization method.

Total removal of a large esophageal schwannoma by submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Primary schwannoma is a rare submucosal tumor of the esophagus, which is most often benign, and surgery is the only effective treatment. So far, only a few cases have been reported. Herein, we reported a single case diagnosed with primary esophageal schwannoma that was totally removed by submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER).

Absolute and Relative Depth-Induced Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection.

Detecting salient objects in complicated scenarios is a challenging problem. Except for semantic features from the RGB image, spatial information from the depth image also provides sufficient cues about the object. Therefore, it is crucial to rationally integrate RGB and depth features for the RGB-D salient object detection task.