Assessing the accuracy and quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot-generated responses in making patient-specific drug-therapy and healthcare-related decisions.

Background: Interactive artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT have gained popularity, yet little is known about their reliability as a reference tool for healthcare-related information for healthcare providers and trainees. The objective of this study was to assess the consistency, quality, and accuracy of the responses generated by ChatGPT on healthcare-related inquiries.

Methods: A total of 18 open-ended questions including six questions in three defined clinical areas (2 each to address "what", "why", and "how", respectively) were submitted to ChatGPT v3.

Significant Published Articles in 2022 for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice.

The purpose of this article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2022 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

Significant Published Articles in 2021 for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice.

The purpose of this article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2021 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

Significant Published Articles in 2020 for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice.

The purpose of this article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2020 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

Forty-Fourth ASPEN Presidential Address: The 2020 Overture-A New Tune for the Future.

The provision of safe nutrition care to patients is the fundamental vision of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). Yet we are facing important challenges in our field and society, requiring us to reflect, rethink, and adjust to make new breakthroughs to meet the needs for the future. In developing new plans to address these challenges, we must focus on 2 critical elements: people and the scientific process.

Methods for Estimating Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Adults.

Energy expenditure (EE) is the sum of metabolic activity within the body at a given time and comprises basal EE, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. In the intensive care unit, EE is most often assessed to determine a patient's caloric requirements. Energy expenditure also may be useful to understand disease states and the metabolic impact of interventions.

PBPK modeling of CYP3A and P-gp substrates to predict drug-drug interactions in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBS) is an effective surgical intervention to reduce mortality in morbidly obese patients. Following RYGBS, the disposition of drugs may be affected by anatomical alterations and changes in intestinal and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to better understand the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of CYP3A and P-gp inhibitors.

Energy Expenditure and Shivering Severity During Targeted Temperature Management at 36°C After Cardiac Arrest: A Case Series.

Patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest are at risk for shivering, which increases energy expenditure (EE) and may attenuate TTM benefits. This article reports patterns of EE for patients with and without shivering who received TTM at 36°C after cardiac arrest. Based on 96 case assessments, there were 14 occasions when more than one 15-minute interval period was required to appropriately modify the Bedside Shivering Assessment Scale (BSAS) score.

Value of Nutrition Support Therapy: Impact on Clinical and Economic Outcomes in the United States.

Objective: Healthcare leaders seek guidance on prudent investment in programs that improve patient outcomes and reduce costs, which includes the value of nutrition therapy. The purpose of this project was to conduct an evidence review and evaluate claims analyses to understand the financial and quality impact of nutrition support therapy on high-priority therapeutic conditions.

Methods: Task 1 included a review of existing literature from 2013 to 2018 to identify evidence that demonstrated the clinical and economic impact of nutrition intervention on patient outcomes across 13 therapeutic areas (TAs).

The Impact of Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Acetaminophen Absorption and Metabolism.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBS), a surgery that creates a smaller stomach pouch and reduces the length of small intestine, is one of the most common medical interventions for the treatment of obesity.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine how RYGBS affects the absorption and metabolism of acetaminophen.

Materials And Methods: Ten morbidly obese patients received 1.

Significant Published Articles for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice in 2018.

The purpose of this article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2018 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

Copper Deficiency in Liver Diseases: A Case Series and Pathophysiological Considerations.

Copper is an indispensable trace element. It serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, iron transport, and fibrogenesis. Although these processes are central in the pathogenesis of liver disorders, few studies have attributed them to copper deficiency.

Parenteral Provision of Micronutrients to Adult Patients: An Expert Consensus Paper.

Background: Micronutrients, an umbrella term used to collectively describe vitamins and trace elements, are essential components of nutrition. Those requiring alternative forms of nutrition support are dependent on the prescribed nutrition regimen for their micronutrient provision. The purpose of this paper is to assist clinicians to bridge the gap between the available guidelines' recommendations and their practical application in the provision of micronutrients via the parenteral route to adult patients.

Significant Published Articles for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice in 2017.

The purpose of the article is to assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2017 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the article was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

Significant Published Articles for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice in 2016.

To assist the pharmacist engaged in nutrition support therapy in staying current with pertinent literature. Several clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2016 considered important to their clinical practice. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to assess whether the paper was considered important to nutrition support pharmacy practice.

When Is Parenteral Nutrition Appropriate?

Parenteral nutrition (PN) represents one of the most notable achievements of modern medicine, serving as a therapeutic modality for all age groups across the healthcare continuum. PN offers a life-sustaining option when intestinal failure prevents adequate oral or enteral nutrition. However, providing nutrients by vein is an expensive form of nutrition support, and serious adverse events can occur.

Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions with Tobacco, Cannabinoids and Smoking Cessation Products.

Tobacco smoke contains a large number of compounds in the form of metals, volatile gases and insoluble particles, as well as nicotine, a highly addictive alkaloid. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug of abuse in the world, with a significant increase in the USA due to the increasing number of states that allow medical and recreational use. Of the over 70 phytocannabinoids in marijuana, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (ΔTHC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannibinol are the three main constituents.

Optimization of Vitamin D Status After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Patients Living in Northern Climate.

Background: Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are at risk for micronutrient deficiencies. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in obese patients residing in the northern climate, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a daily maintenance dose of vitamin D 2000 IU in preventing hypovitaminosis D within 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Methods: A cohort study involving adult patients undergoing RYGB was conducted.

Proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass alters drug absorption pattern but not systemic exposure of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein substrates.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (a CYP3A4 substrate) and digoxin (a P-glycoprotein substrate).

Design: Prospective, nonblinded, longitudinal, single-dose pharmacokinetic study in three phases: presurgery baseline and postoperative assessments at 3 and 12 months.

Patients: Twelve obese patients meeting current standards for bariatric surgery.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions with ethanol (alcohol).

Ethanol (alcohol) is one of the most widely used legal drugs in the world. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 drug-metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics and fatty acids. Drugs that inhibit ADH or CYP2E1 are the most likely theoretical compounds that would lead to a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with ethanol, which include only a limited number of drugs.

The science and practice of micronutrient supplementations in nutritional anemia: an evidence-based review.

Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia, affecting millions of people in all age groups worldwide. While inadequate access to food and nutrients can lead to anemia, patients with certain health status or medical conditions are also at increased risk of developing nutritional anemia. Iron, cobalamin, and folate are the most recognized micronutrients that are vital for the generation of erythrocytes.