Identification of pharmacokinetic markers for safflower injection using a combination of system pharmacology, multicomponent pharmacokinetics, and quantitative proteomics study.

Safflower injection (SI), a water-extract preparation from safflower ( L.), has been widely used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. This work aims to develop an approach for identifying PK markers of cardiovascular herbal medicines using SI as a case study.