STING exerts antiviral innate immune response by activating pentose phosphate pathway.

Background: The innate immune system serves as the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key component of this system, yet its relationship with glucose metabolism, particularly in antiviral immunity, remains underexplored.

Methods: Metabolomics analysis was used for detecting metabolic alterations in spleens from STING knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice.

Mechanistic Insights into Nonadiabatic Interband Transitions on a Semiconductor Surface Induced by Hydrogen Atom Collisions.

To understand the recently observed enigmatic nonadiabatic energy transfer for hyperthermal H atom scattering from a semiconductor surface, Ge(111)(2 × 8), we present a mixed quantum-classical nonadiabatic molecular dynamics model based on the time-dependent evolution of Kohn-Sham orbitals and a classical path approximation. Our results suggest that facile nonadiabatic electronic transitions from the valence band to the conduction band occur selectively at the rest atom site, where surface states are doubly occupied, but not at the adatom site, where empty surface states are localized. This drastic site specificity can be attributed to the changes of the local band structure upon energetic H collisions at different surface sites, leading to transient near degeneracies and significant couplings between occupied and unoccupied orbitals at the rest atom but not at the adatom.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations as predictive biomarkers for first-line programmed death 1 inhibitors efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a significant global health burden, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for EC, but the identification of predictive biomarkers remains crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with first-line programmed death 1 inhibitors.

Development and CO capture of nitrogen-enriched microporous carbon by coupling waste polyamides with lignocellulosic biomass.

Due to the substantial emissions of global CO, there has been growing interest in nitrogen-enriched porous carbonaceous materials that possess exceptional CO capture capabilities. In this study, a novel N-enriched microporous carbon was synthesized by integrating waste polyamides with lignocellulosic biomass, involving carbonization and physicochemical activation. As-synthesized adsorbents demonstrated significant characteristics including a high specific surface area (1710 m/g) and a large micropore volume (0.

HMGA1 sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to mTOR inhibitors through the ETS1-FKBP12 axis.

Esophageal carcinoma is amongst the prevalent malignancies worldwide, characterized by unclear molecular classifications and varying clinical outcomes. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, one of the frequently perturbed dysregulated pathways in human malignancies, has instigated the development of various inhibitory agents targeting this pathway, but many ESCC patients exhibit intrinsic or adaptive resistance to these inhibitors. Here, we aim to explore the reasons for the insensitivity of ESCC patients to mTOR inhibitors.

Mutations and High Prevalence of dMMR-associated Mutational Signatures as Prognostic Indicators in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

The conventional treatment strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are predominantly guided by the status of RAS and BRAF mutations. Although patients may exhibit analogous pathological characteristics and undergo similar treatment regimens, notable disparities in their prognostic outcomes can be observed. Therefore, tissue and plasma samples from 40 mCRC patients underwent next-generation sequencing targeting 425 cancer-relevant genes.

Diagnostic Performance of Angiography-Derived Quantitative Flow Ratio in Complex Coronary Lesions.

Background: Quantitative flow ratio derived from computed tomography angiography (CT-QFR) and invasive coronary angiography (Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio [μQFR]) are novel approaches enabling rapid computation of fractional flow reserve without the use of pressure guidewires and vasodilators. However, the feasibility and diagnostic performance of both CT-QFR and μQFR in evaluating complex coronary lesions remain unclear.

Methods: Between September 2014 and September 2021, 240 patients with 30% to 90% coronary diameter stenosis who underwent both coronary computed tomography angiography and invasive coronary angiography with fractional flow reserve within 60 days were retrospectively enrolled.

Efficacy, safety and genomic analysis of SCT200, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, in patients with fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin refractory RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase Ⅱ study.

Background: Limited therapeutic options are available for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients after failure of first- and second-line therapies, representing an unmet medical need for novel therapies.

Methods: This is an open-label, single arm, multicenter, phase Ⅱ study aiming to perform the efficacy, safety and genomic analysis of SCT200, a noval fully humanized IgG1 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, in patients with fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin refractory RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC. SCT200 (6 mg/kg) was given weekly for the first six weeks, followed by a higher dose of 8 mg/kg every two weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by secretion of propionic acid.

Intestinal dysbiosis frequently occurs in abdominal radiotherapy and contributes to irradiation (IR)-induced intestinal damage and inflammation. () is a recently characterized probiotic, which is critical for maintaining the dynamics of the intestinal mucus layer and preserving intestinal microbiota homeostasis. However, the role of in the alleviation of radiation enteritis remains unknown.

HSO assisted hydrothermal conversion of biomass with solid acid catalysis to produce aviation fuel precursors.

With hydrothermal reaction, lignocellulosic biomass can be efficiently converted into furfural (FF) and levulinic acid (LA), both of which are key platform compounds that can be used for the subsequent preparation of aviation fuels. In order to reduce the acid concentration in traditional hydrolysis and provide a reaction system with good catalytic activity, we propose a biomass conversion route as dilute acid hydrolysis coupled with solid acid catalysis. Firstly, at different temperatures, the hemicellulose and cellulose in corn stover were step-hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 0.

Low-Temperature Upcycling of Polypropylene Waste into H Fuel via a Novel Tandem Hydrothermal Process.

Plastic waste is a promising and abundant resource for H production. However, upcycling plastic waste into H fuel via conventional thermochemical routes requires relatively considerable energy input and severe reaction conditions, particularly for polyolefin waste. Here, we report a tandem strategy for the selective upcycling of polypropylene (PP) waste into H fuel in a mild and clean manner.

Insight into pyrolysis mechanism of plastic waste with C-O/C-N bonds in the backbone.

Pyrolysis is an important method for efficiently recovering plastic monomers, fuels and chemicals from plastic waste. The depolymerization of the backbone structure of plastic waste is a key step of the pyrolysis process. Currently, researches on the pyrolysis mechanism of plastics with C-O/C-N bonds in the backbone are still not sufficiently in-depth and also lack systematic and comprehensive investigation.

Genetic Modulation of BET1L Confers Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility by Reducing miRNA Binding and m6A Modification.

Unlabelled: Genetic variants in regions encoding 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNA potentially alter miRNA binding affinity and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels to affect gene expression. A better understanding of the association of these variants with colorectal cancer susceptibility could facilitate development of cancer prevention and treatment approaches. Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles and integrated genetic analyses from 8,533 individuals to evaluate the effects of altered miRNA-binding sites on colorectal cancer risk.

Comprehensive characterization of FBXW7 mutational and clinicopathological profiles in human colorectal cancers.

Background: FBXW7 is recognized as a critical tumor suppressor gene and a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, mediating the degradation of multiple oncogenic proteins, including c-MYC, Cyclin E, c-Jun, Notch, p53. Around 16% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients carried FBXW7 somatic mutations, while a comprehensive characterization of FBXW7 somatic mutations in CRC is still lacking.

Methods: Colorectal cancer patients with tumor samples and matching white blood cell samples in the past five years were screened and DNA sequenced.

Cleanup of oils and organic solvents from contaminated water by biomass-based aerogel with adjustable compression elasticity.

Leakage of oils and organic solvents poses a significant threat to aquatic environments. Here, low-temperature carbonized aerogels with highly porous and anisotropic structures obtained only from biomass-derived materials were proposed to absorb polymorphic oils from contaminated water. Specifically, carbonized aerogels prepared at temperatures of 300 °C and 350 °C exhibited ultra-high absorption capacities (40‒125 g g) and oil-water separation efficiencies (> 99%) even in harsh environments, which were attributed to their exceptional properties, including high porosity, abundant macropores, excellent thermal stability, and hydrophobicity.

Investigating the Eley-Rideal recombination of hydrogen atoms on Cu (111) a high-dimensional neural network potential energy surface.

As a prototypical system for studying the Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanism at the gas-surface interface, the reaction between incident H/D atoms and pre-covered D/H atoms on Cu (111) has attracted much experimental and theoretical interest. Detailed final state-resolved experimental data have been available for about thirty-years, leading to the discovery of many interesting dynamical features. However, previous theoretical models have suffered from reduced-dimensional approximations and/or omitting energy transfer to surface phonons and electrons, or the high cost of on-the-fly molecular dynamics, preventing quantitative comparisons with experimental data.

Pembrolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced melanoma: 3-year follow-up of the KEYNOTE-151 study.

Unlabelled: Survival is generally poor for Chinese patients with advanced melanoma because of high rates of acral and mucosal melanoma and limited therapeutic options. The first analysis of the phase 1b KEYNOTE-151 study showed second-line pembrolizumab was well tolerated and had clinically meaningful antitumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced melanoma. Three-year follow-up is presented.

Low-temperature upcycling of PET waste into high-purity H fuel in a one-pot hydrothermal system with in situ CO capture.

The accumulation and improper disposal of a large amount of plastic waste have exacerbated the deterioration of the global ecosystem and environment. To simplify the complex management system and alleviate the environmental impact of plastic wastes, this study reports a novel one-pot hydrothermal conversion strategy for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), integrating three steps, namely depolymerization, subsequent in-situ aqueous phase reforming, and in-situ CO capture. Here, the PET waste was converted directly into the clean high-purity H fuel and the disodium terephthalate (Na-TPA).

Cognitive impairment is associated with sarcopenia mainly related to attention and calculation in hospitalized Chinese elderly men.

Background And Objectives: Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are the most prevalent causes of disability in older individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and the association between cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older patients.

Methods And Study Design: A cross-sectional study was undertaken, comprised 250 male patients aged 65 and over.

A first-in-human, phase 1a dose-escalation study of the selective MEK1/2 inhibitor FCN-159 in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma.

Background: A phase 1a first-in-human study evaluated the safety/tolerability, preliminary antitumour activity and pharmacokinetics of the oral MEK1/2 inhibitor FCN-159 in Chinese patients with advanced, NRAS-mutant melanoma.

Patients And Methods: Patients received a single FCN-159 dose at assigned levels, proceeding to continuous dosing (once daily [QD] for 28-day cycles) if no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred within the next 3 days. Dose escalation was initiated after review of data for the previous dose level.