Toward improving the rehydration of dairy powders: A comprehensive review of applying physical technologies.

For the increasingly prosperous industrial dairy sector of powder production from milk and whey, the efficient utilization of differently composed products has become a major topic of concern. Although a proper rehydration behavior is crucial for the application of dairy powders, it is also essential for producers to achieve safe and green processing. Physical means of processing to improve partially poor rehydration properties are preferred by consumers over often suggested chemical means, which also alter product composition and further functionality.

Omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with clinically axillary lymph node-negative early breast cancer (OMSLNB): protocol for a prospective, non-inferiority, single-arm, phase II clinical trial in China.

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard procedure for patients with clinically assessed negative axillary lymph nodes (cN0) during early-stage breast cancer (EBC). However, the majority of EBC patients have a negative pathological confirmation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN), and axillary surgery is inevitably associated with postoperative complications. Considering that SLNB has no therapeutic benefit, this trial aims to determine the safety of omitting SLNB in patients with cN0 early invasive breast cancer.

Natural Gastrointestinal Stable Pea Albumin Nanomicelles for Capsaicin Delivery and Their Effects for Enhanced Mucus Permeability at Small Intestine.

Natural nanodelivery systems are highly desirable owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, these delivery systems face challenges from potential degradation in the harsh gastrointestinal environment and limitations imposed by the intestinal mucus barrier, reducing their oral delivery efficacy. Here, gastrointestinal stable and mucus-permeable pea albumin nanomicelles (PANs) with a small particle size (36.

Determination of o-quinones in foods by a derivative strategy combined with UHPLC-MS/MS.

As primary polyphenol oxidant products, the occurrence of o-quinone is greatly responsible for quality deterioration in wine, including browning and aroma loss. The high reactivity of o-quinone causes huge difficulty in its determination. Herein, a derivative strategy combined with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis was established with chlorogenic acid quinone (CQAQ) and 4-methylcatechol quinone (4MCQ) as model compounds.

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Lowering IgE-Binding Capacity of Soybean 7S: Comparison between Covalent and Noncovalent Interaction.

Allergenicity of soybean 7S protein (7S) troubles many people around the world. However, many processing methods for lowering allergenicity is invalid. Interaction of 7S with phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic acid (CHA), to structurally modify 7S may lower the allergenicity.

Synergistic effects of superfine grinding and high hydrostatic pressure on the contents, distribution, digestive behaviors and antioxidant activities of polyphenols in barley leaves.

Barley leaves (BLs) naturally contained abundant phenolics, most of which are hardly completely released from food matrix during gastrointestinal digestion. Superfine grinding (SFG) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) are generally used to treat the functional plants due to their effectiveness to cell wall-breaking and improvement of nutraceutical bioavailability. Thus, this study investigated the synergistic effects of SFG and HHP (100, 300, 500 MPa/20 min) on the bioaccessbility of typical phenolics in BLs during the simulated in-vitro digestion.

A 3'-pre-tRNA-derived small RNA tRF-1-Ser regulated by 25(OH)D promotes proliferation and stemness by inhibiting the function of MBNL1 in breast cancer.

Background: We explored the potential novel anticancer mechanisms of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a vitamin D metabolite with antitumour effects in breast cancer. It is stable in serum and is used to assess vitamin D levels in clinical practice. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs are small noncoding RNAs that generate various distinct biological functions, but more research is needed on their role in breast cancer.

High hydrostatic pressure induced gastrointestinal digestion behaviors of quercetin-loaded casein delivery systems under different calcium concentration.

Casein micelle has a structure of outer hydrophilicity and inner hydrophobicity, its typical digestion characteristic is gastric coagulation. Based on calcium content as the key factor to control this process, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was firstly used to modify the micelle structure by mediating the tight connection between casein molecules themselves and with colloidal calcium, then the quercetin-loaded delivery systems were prepared. And in order to investigate the effect of exogenous calcium, calcium chloride was added for digestion.

The aggregation of casein micelles induced by Ca during digestion: effects on the release of loaded anthocyanins.

Colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) confers a modifiable structure to micellar casein (MC), which endows it with potential advantages as a delivery carrier. However, it is difficult to achieve multipattern release of the core material in the intestine with MC as a single wall. In this study, we prepared an anthocyanin-casein-based delivery system utilizing MC with different freezing degrees as the wall material with the objective of achieving the controlled release of anthocyanin as the model core in the intestine.

Gastric aggregation of micellar casein powders induced by high hydrostatic pressure: Effect of serum Ca level.

Micellar casein (MC) has a unique gastric colloidal behavior in response to Ca cross-linking, and its aggregation properties are closely related to pepsin and gastric acid. In this study, MC with different levels of colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) was obtained by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at different pressures, followed by spray drying to obtain the powders. Different amounts of calcium chloride (exogenous Ca) were added to MC powders prior to in vitro simulated digestion to investigate the effect of exogenous serum Ca levels on the aggregation behavior and the structure change of curds generated in gastric tract.

Toward the bioactive potential of myricitrin in food production: state-of-the-art green extraction and trends in biosynthesis.

Myricitrin is a member of flavonols, natural phenolic compounds extracted from plant resources. It has gained great attention for various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, as well as cardio-/neuro-/hepatoprotective activities. These effects have been demonstrated in both and models, making myricitrin a favorable candidate for the exploitation of novel functional foods with potential protective or preventive effects against diseases.

From polyphenol to o-quinone: Occurrence, significance, and intervention strategies in foods and health implications.

Polyphenol oxidation is a chemical process impairing food freshness and other desirable qualities, which has become a serious problem in fruit and vegetable processing industry. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in these detrimental alterations. o-Quinones are primarily generated by polyphenols with di/tri-phenolic groups through enzymatic oxidation and/or auto-oxidation.

Combination of α-lactalbumin and gum arabic for microencapsulation of L-menthol: The effects on flavor release during storage and rehydration.

L-menthol-containing food products generally show the flavor loss during storage due to their high volatility. The hydrophobicity of L-menthol also causes the inadequate flavor release during rehydration. In this study, the stability of L-menthol was enhanced by microencapsulation and the effect of different powder drying techniques was also investigated.

Bamboo Shoots Modulate Gut Microbiota, Eliminate Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice and Improve Lipid Metabolism.

Bamboo shoots (BS) have a variety of nutritional benefits; however, their anti-obesity effect and its underlying mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of BS against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. After 12 weeks of feeding C57BL/6J mice either on a normal or an HFD with or without BS, metabolic indicators, including blood lipids and glucose tolerance, were measured.

Bamboo shoot dietary fiber alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and modulates liver fatty acid metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Introduction: Obesity is a common nutritional disorder characterized by an excessive fat accumulation. In view of the critical role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases, novel dietary therapies have been developed to manage obesity by targeting the gut microbiome. In this study, we investigated anti-obesity effects of bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) and the potential mechanisms.

The effect of Maillard reaction on the lactose crystallization and flavor release in lactose/WPI/inulin encapsulation.

The crystallization of lactose usually causes the structural collapse and core material escape of flavor encapsulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different grafting degrees of WPI-inulin Maillard reaction products on the lactose crystallization and the subsequent release behaviors. Ethyl acetate was chosen as the model volatile flavor and the encapsulations were prepared by freeze-drying.

Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant regimen: A promising treatment option for HER2-low-positive breast cancer.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) with solvent-based paclitaxel (Sb-P), liposomal paclitaxel (Lps-P), nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-P), and docetaxel in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low-positive and HER2-zero breast cancers. A total of 430 patients receiving 2-weekly dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by 2-weekly paclitaxel (Sb-P, Lps-P, or Nab-P), or 3-weekly EC followed by 3-weekly docetaxel for NST were enrolled in the study. In HER2-low-positive patients, the pathological complete response (pCR) rate in Nab-P group was significantly higher than that in the other three paclitaxel groups (2.

Investigation of the Quinone-quinone and Quinone-catechol products using C labeling, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS.

Quinones are highly reactive oxidants and play an essential role in inducing quality deterioration of fruit and vegetable products. Here, a novel stable isotope-labeling approach in combination with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, was successfully applied in tracking quinone reaction pathways in both real wines and model reaction systems. Unexpectedly, the binding products of quinone-quinone and quinone-catechol that are not derived from either nucleophilic reaction or redox reaction were discovered and showed the significant high peak area.

A method on acrylamide elimination: Comparing and tracing reaction pathways of acrylamide and catechin (catechin quinone) using UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry.

Acrylamide (AA) elimination is significant in thermal-processing foods that rich in carbohydrate and asparagine. Here, catechin (CAT) and its quinone were utilized to investigate and evaluate the reaction rate of AA's characteristics (electrophilicity, oxidizing ability, and nucleophilicity) and trace the reaction pathways to eliminate AA in model system at 25 °C and 150 °C. It is revealed that AA prefers nucleophilic additions with quinone (k = 1.

Quinone-mediated non-enzymatic browning in model systems during long-term storage.

Non-enzymatic browning induced by polyphenol oxidation is an essential problem during the processing and storage of fruit and vegetable products. Here, the non-enzymatic browning mechanism between catechin (CAT), chlorogenic acid (CQA) and their corresponding quinones was investigated in model systems during the 32-d long-term storage. The results showed that CAT and catechin quinone (CATQ), which contains both A ring with a resorcinol structure and an o-diphenol B ring, are important precursors for browning, while chlorogenic acid (CQA) has a minor effect on browning.

Polyphenol mediated non-enzymatic browning and its inhibition in apple juice.

Non-enzymatic browning is a severe problem in juice industry. Here, polyphenol mediated non-enzymatic browning and its inhibition in apple juice were investigated. Epicatechin (R = -0.

Chemical features and biological functions of water-insoluble dietary fiber in plant-based foods.

Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF.

Impact of high hydrostatic pressure on the micellar structures and physicochemical stability of casein nanoemulsion loading quercetin.

Natural casein is a highly structured protein and the characteristic of self-assembly makes the formation of micelles, thus negatively limiting the applications. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), as a novel non-thermal process, can modify the structures of protein and improve the related functionalities. In this study, micellar casein was subjected to HHP treatment from 100 to 500 MPa, which then loaded quercetin and formed the nanoemulsion.