Microglial double stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Background: Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) is pivotal in the clearance of cytoplasmic double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Its deficiency incurs DNA accumulation in cytoplasm, which is a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study showed that neuronal DNase II deficiency drove tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration (Li et al.

Probiotic administration aggravates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced inflammation and intestinal epithelium disruption in weaned pig.

Background: A. muciniphila (AKK) has attracted extensive research interest as a potential next-generation probiotics, but its role in intestinal pathology is remains unclear. Herein, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of A.

Extract of (L.) Gaertn Leaves as a Novel Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solution.

In this work, leaves of (L.) Gaertn were extracted by a one-step extraction method using ethanol as a solvent, and the (L.) Gaertn extract (SMGE) was firstly employed as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 0.

Rutin Ameliorates ALS Pathology by Reducing SOD1 Aggregation and Neuroinflammation in an SOD1-G93A Mouse Model.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, with limited effective treatments. Recently, the exploration of natural products has unveiled their potential in exerting neuroprotective effects, offering a promising avenue for ALS therapy. In this study, the therapeutic effects of rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside with neuroprotective properties, were evaluated in a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A mouse model of ALS.

Anti-liver tumor ingredient exploration and validation of Elephantopus tomentosus Linn. by combining in silico and in vitro experiments.

Elephantopus tomentosus (ET) Linn. was reported to be an anti-tumor plant. However, the chemical composition of ET and its anti-tumor compounds and potential mechanisms still unclear.

Neuronal double-stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration.

Background: Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

ESL attenuates BLM-induced IPF in mice: Dual mediation of the TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a pathways.

Backgrounds: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a persistent and advanced pulmonary ailment. The roles of innate immunity and adaptive immunity are pivotal in the evolution of IPF. An ill-adjusted interaction between epithelial cells and immune cells is responsible for initiating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and sustaining chronic inflammation, thereby fostering fibrosis progression.

CS12192: A novel selective and potent JAK3 inhibitor mitigates acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation.

Background: Despite the significant role of JAK3 in various autoimmune diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), there has been a lack of potent and selective JAK3 inhibitors specifically studied for GVHD. In our preclinical investigations, we evaluated a novel JAK3 inhibitor called CS12192, which is already undergoing clinical investigation in autoimmune diseases.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of CS12192 in GVHD through mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in both mouse and human cells, as well as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a murine model.

ITGB4 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis.

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value and immune signature of ITGB4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis.

Methods: We comprehensively screened genes associated with LUAD brain metastasis by integrating datasets from the GEO database and TMT-based quantitative proteomics profiles. Univariable survival and Multivariate Cox analysis was used to compare several clinical characteristics with survival, and a risk model was constructed.

Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies.

The elderly frequently present impaired blood-brain barrier which is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. However, how the albumin, the most abundant protein in the plasma, leaking through the disrupted BBB, contributes to the neuropathology remains poorly understood. We here demonstrated that mouse serum albumin-activated microglia induced astrocytes to A1 phenotype to remarkably increase levels of Elovl1, an astrocytic synthase for very long-chain saturated fatty acids, significantly promoting VLSFAs secretion and causing neuronal lippoapoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway.

Thrombomodulin reduces α-synuclein generation and ameliorates neuropathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

The neurotoxic α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomers play an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the factors affecting α-syn generation and neurotoxicity remain unclear. We here first found that thrombomodulin (TM) significantly decreased in the plasma of PD patients and brains of A53T α-syn mice, and the increased TM in primary neurons reduced α-syn generation by inhibiting transcription factor p-c-jun production through Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, TM decreased α-syn neurotoxicity by reducing the levels of oxidative stress and inhibiting PAR1-p53-Bax signaling pathway.

Astrocytes Excessively Engulf Synapses in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Synapse loss is one of the most critical features in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through multiple EGF-like domains 10 (MEGF10) pathways in the developing and adult brain to build the precise neural connectivity. However, whether and how astrocytes mediate synapse loss in AD remains unknown.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Stoliczka's Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus).

Stoliczka's Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) is a small-bodied species and very sensitive to climate change. Here, we presented a chromosome-level genome assembly of A. stoliczkanus by combining Illumina sequencing, Nanopore sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing technology.

Mechanical loading and autophagy: A study on the BoNT-A injection-induced condylar cartilage degeneration.

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a treatment option for temporomandibular disorder (TMD). By injecting BoNT-A into the masseter muscle, it is possible to reduce mechanical loading on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, numerous prior studies have indicated excessive reduction in mechanical loading can have detrimental effects on TMJ cartilage.

[Prediction and analysis of Q-markers of Elephantopus scaber based on its UPLC fingerprint, content determination of components, and in vitro a nti-tumor activity].

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.

Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Alternative Splicing-Driven, Shared Immunogenic Neoepitopes Regardless of SF3B1 Status in Uveal Melanoma.

Tumor-specific neoepitopes are promising targets in cancer immunotherapy. However, the identification of functional tumor-specific neoepitopes remains challenging. In addition to the most common source, single-nucleotide variants (SNV), alternative splicing (AS) represents another rich source of neoepitopes and can be utilized in cancers with low SNVs such as uveal melanoma (UM).

Catechol-Modified and MnO-Nanozyme-Reinforced Hydrogel with Improved Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capacity for Periodontitis Treatment.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by tooth loss and alveolar bone resorption. Bacteria are the original cause of periodontitis, and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) encourage and intensify inflammation. In this study, a mussel-inspired and MnO NPs-reinforced adhesive hydrogel capable of alleviating periodontitis with improved antibacterial and antioxidant abilities was developed.

Temporal and spatial effects on C-reactive protein's regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase production in periodontal disease.

Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with inflammation and osteoclastic differentiation in periodontal disease. This study was conducted to compare the time-dependent variation in iNOS production between the gingiva and other periodontal tissues and to explore the potential association with C-reactive protein (CRP) in early periodontal disease.

Methods: Ligature-induced periodontal disease models (0-14 days) were established in wild-type and CRP knockout rats.

Neural Net-Enhanced Competitive Swarm Optimizer for Large-Scale Multiobjective Optimization.

The competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) classifies swarm particles into loser and winner particles and then uses the winner particles to efficiently guide the search of the loser particles. This approach has very promising performance in solving large-scale multiobjective optimization problems (LMOPs). However, most studies of CSOs ignore the evolution of the winner particles, although their quality is very important for the final optimization performance.

pH-Responsive Fluorescent Metal-Organic Framework as a Functional Nanofiller for Smart Coatings.

A zirconium-based UiO-type UiO-66-(OH) metal-organic framework@carbon dot composite (Zr-MOF@CD) is synthesized through a facile solvent-free thermal method. The Zr-MOF@CD exhibits pH-responsive fluorescence behavior, which emits blue fluorescence for pH < 9 at an emission wavelength of 470 nm. At pH > 9, the fluorescence color turns from blue to yellow, with the emission behavior at 535 nm.

A novel risk signature for predicting brain metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Brain metastasis (BM) are a devastating consequence of lung cancer. This study was aimed to screen risk factors for predicting BM.

Methods: Using an in vivo BM preclinical model, we established a series of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell subpopulations with different metastatic ability.