Predicting physical functioning status in older adults: insights from wrist accelerometer sensors and derived digital biomarkers of physical activity.

Objective: Conventional physical activity (PA) metrics derived from wearable sensors may not capture the cumulative, transitions from sedentary to active, and multidimensional patterns of PA, limiting the ability to predict physical function impairment (PFI) in older adults. This study aims to identify unique temporal patterns and develop novel digital biomarkers from wrist accelerometer data for predicting PFI and its subtypes using explainable artificial intelligence techniques.

Materials And Methods: Wrist accelerometer streaming data from 747 participants in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) were used to calculate 231 PA features through time-series analysis techniques-Tsfresh.

Advances in objective assessment of ergonomics in endoscopic surgery: a review.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery, in particular endoscopic surgery, has revolutionized the benefits for patients, but poses greater challenges for surgeons in terms of ergonomics. Integrating ergonomic assessments and interventions into the multi-stage endoscopic procedure contributes to the surgeon's musculoskeletal health and the patient's intraoperative safety and postoperative recovery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to overview the objective assessment techniques, tools and assessment settings involved in endoscopic procedures over the past decade and to identify the potential factors that induce differences in high workloads in endoscopic procedures and ultimately to design a framework for ergonomic assessment in endoscopic surgery.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination toward the synthesis of -stereogenic phosphinamides.

-Stereogenic phosphorus compounds are important structural elements in chiral ligands or organocatalysts. Herein, we report a Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination toward the synthesis of -stereogenic phosphinamides using cheap commercially available L-Glu-OH as a chiral ligand. A broad range of -stereogenic phosphinamides were gained in good yields with high enantioselectivities (33 examples, up to 77% yield, 99% ee) desymmetrization and kinetic resolution.

Synthesis of -Stereogenic Phosphinamides via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Alkynylation.

-Stereogenic phosphinamides represent important structural elements in chiral organocatalysts and bioactive compounds. Herein, we report Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H alkynylation using cheap commercially available l-pyroglutamic acid as a chiral ligand. A range of structurally diverse -stereogenic phosphinamides was prepared in good yields with high enantioselectivities via desymmetrization and kinetic resolution.

HDAC3 inhibitor (BRD3308) modulates microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation through PPARγ/NLRP3/GSDMD to improve neurological function after intraventricular hemorrhage in mice.

Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Excessive neuroinflammation after IVH can activate the inflammasome in the cell and accelerate the occurrence of pyroptosis in cells, produce more inflammatory mediators, increase cell death, and lead to neurological deficits. Previous studies have reported that BRD3308 (BRD), an inhibitor of histone deacetylation by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), suppresses inflammation-induced apoptosis and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.

Exploring outdoor activity limitation (OAL) factors among older adults using interpretable machine learning.

Background: The occurrence of outdoor activity limitation (OAL) among older adults is influenced by multidimensional and confounding factors associated with aging.

Aim: The aim of this study was to apply interpretable machine learning (ML) to develop models for multidimensional aging constraints on OAL and identify the most predictive constraints and dimensions across multidimensional aging data.

Methods: This study involved 6794 community-dwelling participants older than 65 from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).

Photonic-dispersion neural networks for inverse scattering problems.

Inferring the properties of a scattering objective by analyzing the optical far-field responses within the framework of inverse problems is of great practical significance. However, it still faces major challenges when the parameter range is growing and involves inevitable experimental noises. Here, we propose a solving strategy containing robust neural-networks-based algorithms and informative photonic dispersions to overcome such challenges for a sort of inverse scattering problem-reconstructing grating profiles.

Cytotoxin 1 from Naja atra Cantor venom induced necroptosis of leukemia cells.

Background: Cytotoxin 1 (CTX1) purified from Naja atra Cantor venom could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which leukemia cells are killed by CTX1.

Materials And Methods: HL-60 and KG1a cells were treated with CTX1 and the cell death was detected.

SVP-B5 peptide from Karsch scorpion venom exerts hyperproliferative effects on irradiated hematopoietic cells.

Previous studies have demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of scorpion venom peptide, fraction II (SVPII) from the venom of Karsch. In the present study, the SVP-B5 polypeptide, which is one of the active components of SVPII, was purified using a two-step chromatographic process. SVP-B5 significantly promoted the proliferation of irradiated M-NFS-60 mouse-derived myelocytic leukemia cells.