The Combination of Shaking and Yellow-Light Withering Promote the Volatile Aroma Components and the Aroma Quality of Black Tea.

The application of shaking during the withering process has been shown to significantly enhance the floral aroma of black tea. However, prior to this study, there was limited research on the effects of shaking combined with other withering treatments on the aroma components of black tea. In this study, the aroma attributes of black teas processed with shaking combinations of yellow-light or high-temperature withering (YLS, HTS, and HYS) were evaluated through sensory evaluation, and the volatile composition and identification of key aroma compounds in black teas and in-process withered tea leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

"Active carbon" is more advantageous to the bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere than "stable carbon".

Carbon materials are commonly used for soil carbon sequestration and fertilization, which can also affect crop growth by manipulating the rhizosphere bacterial community. However, the comparison of the differences between active carbon (e.g.

20 µm Micro-LEDs Mass Transfer via Laser-Induced In Situ Nanoparticles Resonance Enhancement.

Ultrafast laser is expected as a promising strategy for micro-LEDs (µ-LEDs) transfer due to its inherent property of suppressing thermal effects. However, its ultrahigh peak power and the unclear transfer mechanism make its transfer quality and efficiency unsatisfactory. Here, the study reports the high-precision mass transfer of 20 µm fine-pitch µ-LEDs via in situ nanoparticles (NPs) resonance enhancement in burst mode ultraviolet picosecond laser irradiation.

Metagenomics reveals N-induced changes in carbon-degrading genes and microbial communities of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation soil under long-term fertilization.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important C pool of the global ecosystem and is affected by various agricultural practices including fertilization. Excessive nitrogen (N) application is an important field management measure in tea plantation systems. However, the mechanism underlying the impact of N fertilization on SOC, especially the microscopic mechanism remain unclear.

Approximately 30 nm Nanogroove Formation on Single Crystalline Silicon Surface under Pulsed Nanosecond Laser Irradiation.

Nanogrooves with a minimum feature size down to 30 nm (λ/26) can be formed directly on silicon surface by irradiation from two orthogonal polarized 1064 nm/10 ns fiber laser beams. The creation of such small nanogrooves is attributed to surface thermal stress during resolidification and supercooling with the double laser beams' irradiation. By varying the pulse number and laser fluence, the feature size of narrow grooves on silicon surface can be tuned.

Organic amendments improved soil quality and reduced ecological risks of heavy metals in a long-term tea plantation field trial on an Alfisol.

Tea plantation can cause strong soil degradation, e.g. acidification, basic nutrient decrease and microbial diversity loss, naturally by its root activity and secondary by practically tremendous synthetic N input.

Ecological management model for the improvement of soil fertility through the regulation of rare microbial taxa in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation soils.

Agricultural management is essential to enhance soil ecosystem service function through optimizing soil physical conditions and improving nutrient supply, which is predominantly regulated by soil microorganisms. Several studies have focused on soil biodiversity and function in tea plantation systems. However, the effects of different agriculture managements on soil fertility and microbes remain poorly characterized, especially for what concerns perennial agroecosystems.

Highly Efficient Heavy Atom Free Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Host-Guest Doping.

Recently, there has been remarkable progress of the host-guest doped pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. However, it remains a great challenge to develop highly efficient host-guest doping systems. In this study, we have successfully developed a heavy atom free pure organic molecular doped system (benzophenone-thianthrene, respectively) with efficient RTP through a simple host-guest doping strategy.

Influence of ambient gases on plasma dynamics of ultrafast laser-induced filamentation in sapphires.

The atmospheric influence on picosecond laser-induced filamentation in sapphires was investigated under Ar, N and O conditions provided by a coaxial nozzle. The spatial and temporal evolution of the whole plasma was analyzed on a nanosecond time scale by a time-resolved intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). The regulation of the filamentation in sapphires by the atmosphere can be attributed to the modulation of the laser energy by surface ablation plasma.

Realization of ∼10 nm Features on Semiconductor Surfaces via Femtosecond Laser Direct Patterning in Far Field and in Ambient Air.

Direct fabrication of ∼10 nm features by optical means in far field and in ambient air on semiconductor surfaces is significant for next-generation advances nanomanufacturing. We report here a new method that enables the direct formation of 12 nm (λ/66) features on silicon surfaces. It is processed in far field and in ambient air via the irradiation of orthogonally polarized double femtosecond laser beams.

Heavy nitrogen application increases soil nitrification through ammonia-oxidizing bacteria rather than archaea in acidic tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantation soil.

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is widely used in agricultural ecosystems and influences N transformation processes in the soil such as nitrification. However, whether nitrification is primarily dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or archaea (AOA) under heavy N application is still under debate. In the present work, the effect of long-term (12 years) N fertilization on soil nitrification and the key influencing factors were investigated in acidic tea plantation soil that received four different rates of N application (0, 119, 285, and 569 kg N ha yr).

Author Correction: Selective 6H-SiC White Light Emission by Picosecond Laser Direct Writing.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Selective 6H-SiC White Light Emission by Picosecond Laser Direct Writing.

Displaying a full or tuneable emission spectrum with highly efficient is significant for luminescent materials used in solid-state lighting. Silicon carbide (SiC) has potential for use in photoelectric devices that operate under extreme conditions. In this paper, we present a method to selectively modify the photoluminescence (PL) properties of SiC by ultrafast laser direct writing.

Analysis of Shear Bond Strength and Morphology of Er:YAG Laser-Recycled Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the recycling of deboned ceramic brackets via an Er:YAG laser or via the traditional chairside processing methods of flaming and sandblasting; shear bond strength and morphological changes were evaluated in recycled brackets versus new brackets.

Materials And Methods: 3M Clarity Self-Ligating Ceramic Brackets with a microcrystalline base were divided into groups subjected to flaming, sandblasting, or exposure to an Er:YAG laser. New ceramic brackets served as a control group.

Ten-fold enhancement of ZnO thin film ultraviolet-luminescence by dielectric microsphere arrays.

Here we report strong enhancement in ultraviolet-photoluminescence (UV-PL) of ZnO thin films (grown on a SiC substrate) covered by monolayer dielectric fused silica or polystyrene microspheres with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 7.5 μm.

Shear bond strength and morphological analysis of KrF laser-recycled metal brackets.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a KrF excimer laser versus traditional chairside deboned bracket processing methods of grinding, flaming, and sandblasting on the shear bond strength and morphological change of recycled brackets.

Background Data: Bracket dislodgement happens frequently in orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The Victory Series bracket with a foil-mesh base and the Mini Sprint bracket with a raised base were chosen in this research.

Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser ablation of dental enamel, dentine, and cementum.

This paper reports an investigation into the characteristics of femtosecond laser (800-nm central wavelength) in the ablation of human dental enamel, dentine, and cementum at various laser fluences from 0.2 to 3.68 J/cm(2) with single and multiple pulses.