Toxicity and Toxicokinetics of a Four-Week Repeated Gavage of Levamisole in Male Beagle Dogs: A Good Laboratory Practice Study.

Levamisole (LVM) is considered an immunomodulatory agent that has the potential to treat various cancer and inflammation diseases. However, there is still much debate surrounding the toxicokinetic and toxicological information of LVM. Therefore, it is crucial to assess its toxicity to provide useful data for future human LVM risk assessments.

Comparison of Database Searching Programs for the Analysis of Single-Cell Proteomics Data.

Single-cell proteomics is emerging as an important subfield in the proteomics and mass spectrometry communities, with potential to reshape our understanding of cell development, cell differentiation, disease diagnosis, and the development of new therapies. Compared with significant advancements in the "hardware" that is used in single-cell proteomics, there has been little work comparing the effects of using different "software" packages to analyze single-cell proteomics datasets. To this end, seven popular proteomics programs were compared here, applying them to search three single-cell proteomics datasets generated by three different platforms.

Aloe derived nanovesicle as a functional carrier for indocyanine green encapsulation and phototherapy.

Background: Cancer is one of the devastating diseases in the world. The development of nanocarrier provides a promising perspective for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy. However, the issues with potential toxicity, quantity production, and excessive costs limit their further applications in clinical practice.

Orally Administered Koumine Persists Longer in the Plasma of Aged Rats Than That of Adult Rats as Assessed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Aging leads to changes in nearly all pharmacokinetic phases. Koumine (KM), an alkaloid derived from Benth., is effective against age-associated chronic diseases, but its dose proportionality following oral administration in aged individuals remains unknown.

Carboxypeptidase B-Assisted Charge-Based Fractional Diagonal Chromatography for Deep Screening of C-Terminome.

The determination of protein C-termini is of great significance for protein function annotation and proteolysis research. However, the progress of C-terminomics is still far behind its counterpart, N-terminomics, because of the low reactivity of the carboxyl group. Herein, we developed a negative selection strategy, termed carboxypeptidase B-assisted charge-based fractional diagonal chromatography (CPB-ChaFRADIC), to achieve a global C-terminome analysis.

Capn4 is induced by and required for Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 promotion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis through ERK/AP-1 signaling.

Capn4, also known as CapnS1, is a member of the calpain family, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the activity and function of calpain. We previously reported that Capn4 also plays an essential role in the migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells through regulation of (MMP-2) by nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is closely related to the malignant functions of NPC; however, the relationship between LMP1 and Capn4 in NPC remain unclear.

Hydrophobic Tagging-Assisted N-Termini Enrichment for In-Depth N-Terminome Analysis.

The analysis of protein N-termini is of great importance for understanding the protein function and elucidating the proteolytic processing. Herein, we develop a negative enrichment strategy, termed as hydrophobic tagging-assisted N-termini enrichment (HYTANE) to achieve a global N-terminome analysis. The HYTANE strategy showed a high efficiency in hydrophobic tagging and C18 material-assisted depletion using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the sample.

Pseudo isobaric peptide termini labelling for relative proteome quantification by SWATH MS acquisition.

The pseudo isobaric peptide termini labeling (IPTL) method is a remarkable strategy in quantitative proteomics, and has been efficiently applied in biological studies due to its high quantitative accuracy. However, irreproducible precursor ion selection caused by data dependent acquisition and the chromatographic shift caused by isotope effects limit the wide application of this method. Herein, we expand the use of pseudo IPTL to SWATH MS application and develop a novel quantitative strategy, termed SWATH-pseudo-IPTL, by which the relative quantification could be achieved by comparing the "complete" extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) intensity of MS/MS scan instead of a single intensity measurement in DDA-pseudo-IPTL which only reflected the peptide abundances at that given time.

Depletion of internal peptides by site-selective blocking, phosphate labeling, and TiO2 adsorption for in-depth analysis of C-terminome.

The analysis of protein C-termini is of great importance, because it not only provides valuable information about protein function, but also facilitates the elucidation of proteolytic processing. However, even with the recent methods for the global profiling of protein C-termini, the identification of C-termini is still far behind that of N-termini due to the lack of basic residue and low reactive carboxyl group. Therefore, an unbiased and complementary method for C-termini profiling is imperative.

Releasing N-glycan from peptide N-terminus by N-terminal succinylation assisted enzymatic deglycosylation.

Due to the important roles of N-glycoproteins in various biological processes, the global N-glycoproteome analysis has been paid much attention. However, by current strategies for N-glycoproteome profiling, peptides with glycosylated Asn at N-terminus (PGANs), generated by protease digestion, could hardly be identified, due to the poor deglycosylation capacity by enzymes. However, theoretically, PGANs occupy 10% of N-glycopeptides in the typical tryptic digests.

Piperazines for peptide carboxyl group derivatization: effect of derivatization reagents and properties of peptides on signal enhancement in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Piperazine-based derivatives, including 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (2-PP), 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine (2-PMP), 1-(4-pyridyl)piperazine (4-PP), and 1-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)piperazine (M-PP), were used for the derivatization of carboxyl groups on peptides with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) as coupling reagents, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as activator. Taking synthetic peptides RVYVHPI (RI-7) and APGDRIYVHPF (AF-11) as samples, the yields of derivatized peptides by 2-PP, 2-PMP and 4-PP were higher than 94%. The effect of piperazine derivatives on the signals of tryptic digests of α-transferrin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated, and it was found that peptides derivatized by 2-PP and 2-PMP exhibited obviously improved ionization efficiency.