Construction of a Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Dual-Targeted Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Peroxynitrite in Living Cells and Zebrafish.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO ) is one of the important reactive oxygen species, which plays a vital role in the physiological process of intracellular redox balance. Revealing the biological functions of ONOO will contribute to further understanding of the oxidative process of organisms. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel red-emitting fluorescent probe MCSA for the detection of ONOO , which could rapidly respond to ONOO within 250 s and exhibited high sensitivity to ONOO with a low detection limit of 78 nM.

Validation of an Enzyme-Driven Model Explaining Photosynthetic Rate Responses to Limited Nitrogen in Crop Plants.

The limited availability of nitrogen (N) is a fundamental challenge for many crop plants. We have hypothesized that the relative crop photosynthetic rate () is exponentially constrained by certain plant-specific enzyme activities, such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-G3PDH), 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) kinase, and chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cpFBPase), in and . We conducted a literature search to compile information from previous studies on C and C crop plants, to examine the photosynthetic rate responses to limited leaf [N] levels.

An non-loglinear enzyme-driven law of photosynthetic scaling in two representative crop seedlings under different water conditions.

The loglinear pattern of respiratory scaling has been studied for over a century, while an increasing number of non-loglinear patterns have been found in the plant kingdom. Several previous studies had attempted to reconcile conflicting patterns from the aspects of statistical approaches and developmental stages of the organisms. However, the underlying enzymatic mechanism was largely ignored.

Indirect effects of water availability in driving and predicting productivity in the Gobi desert.

Climate is the fundamental determinant of plant metabolism and net primary productivity (NPP). However, whether climate drives NPP directly or indirectly is not well understand. The Gobi desert across a precipitation gradient in the arid zone provides an ideal naturally-controlled platform for studying the precipitation-productivity relationships.

Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China's Gobi desert.

With the rapid development of wind power, there are increasing concerns about the negative ecological effects of its construction and operation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of wind farms on flying fauna (i.e.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Wedelia trilobata for Cu-contaminated soil.

In a controlled experiment, we assessed the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) on the soil metal (Cu) phytoremediation by Wedelia trilobata and examined the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the growth of W. trilobata. We also explored the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the soil microflora.

Glucose triggers stomatal closure mediated by basal signaling through HXK1 and PYR/RCAR receptors in Arabidopsis.

Sugars play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stomatal movement. Here, we found that glucose triggered stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Pharmacological data showed that glucose-induced stomatal closure was greatly inhibited by catalase [CAT; a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger], diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3; a Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and two nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitors, tungstate and sodium azide (NaN3), while it was not affected by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; a peroxidase inhibitor).

Plant Photosynthesis-Irradiance Curve Responses to Pollution Show Non-Competitive Inhibited Michaelis Kinetics.

Photosynthesis-irradiance (PI) curves are extensively used in field and laboratory research to evaluate the photon-use efficiency of plants. However, most existing models for PI curves focus on the relationship between the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and do not take account of the influence of environmental factors on the curve. In the present study, we used a new non-competitive inhibited Michaelis-Menten model (NIMM) to predict the co-variation of Pn, PAR, and the relative pollution index (I).