Immune System Disorder and Cancer-Associated Cachexia.

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating condition marked by muscle and fat loss, that is unresponsive to nutritional support and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Immune dysfunction, driven by cytokine imbalance, contributes to CAC progression. This review explores the potential relationship between CAC and anti-cancer immune response in pre-clinical and clinical studies.

R-ketorolac ameliorates cancer-associated cachexia and prolongs survival of tumour-bearing mice.

Background: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating syndrome associated with poor quality of life and reduced life expectancy of cancer patients. CAC is characterized by unintended body weight reduction due to muscle and adipose tissue loss. A major hallmark of CAC is systemic inflammation.

Disruption of the lung-gut-brain axis is responsible for cortex damage induced by pulmonary exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota is important for host health in response to metal nanomaterials exposure. However, the effect of gut microbiota on the cortex damage caused by pulmonary exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remains mainly unknown. In this study, a total of 48 adult C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with 0.

Intestinal Microbiota-derived Propionic Acid Protects against Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-induced Lung Injury.

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the risks of accidental and/or occupational exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are increasing. Inhalation of ZnONPs induces metal fume fever in humans and acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models. Although the intestinal microbiota is considered an important modulator of various diseases, the role and mechanism of intestinal microbiota in the pathology of ZnONP-induced ALI are unclear.

Recombinant ACE2 protein protects against acute lung injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD protein.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both clinical data and animal experiments suggest that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and a crucial negative regulator of RAS.

IL-12 augments antitumor responses to cycled chemotherapy.

Loss of antitumor response to repeated chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. The development of acquired drug resistance is thought to come primarily from changes in tumor cells, and not host response to the tumor. Our recent study shows that antitumor immunity is activated and contributes significantly to the efficacy of chemotherapy.

Preexisting antitumor immunity augments the antitumor effects of chemotherapy.

Efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is generally believed to be the result of direct drug killing of tumor cells. However, increased tumor cell killing does not always lead to improved efficacy. Herein, we demonstrate that the status of antitumor immunity at the time of chemotherapy treatment is a critical factor affecting the therapeutic outcome in that tumor-bearing mice that possess preexisting antitumor immunity respond to chemotherapy much better than those that do not.

Proteomic analysis of macrophages: a potential way to identify novel proteins associated with activation of macrophages for tumor cell killing.

One major mechanism through which macrophages effectively kill tumor cells requires cell to cell contact, indicating that certain molecules expressed on cell surface of activated macrophages may mediate the tumoricidal capability. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) are the two classical mediators of tumor cell death. However, evidence of discrepancy is accumulating indicating these known mediators do not appear to account for the broad and potent tumoricidal activity of macrophages.

Proteomic analysis of macrophages: a new way to identify novel cell-surface antigens.

Macrophages are involved in many important biological processes and membrane proteins are the key effector molecules for their function. However, membrane proteins are difficult to analyze by 2-DE based methods because of their intrinsic tendency to self-aggregate during the first dimension separation (IEF). To circumvent this, we combined one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

[The studies of sensitivity of genotypes in soybean to lines of Agrobacterium tumefaciens].

The sensitivity of genotypes in soybean to lines of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the ability of A.tumefaciens infecting to soybean were investigated with hypocotyls of soybean (Jilin30, Jilin43 ,Suinong8, Heinong35 and Dongnong42) and lines of A. tumefaciens LBA4404 and EHA105 which including plasmid pGBI121S4ABC and pGBI4A2B respectively.