Intestinal transgene delivery with native E. coli chassis allows persistent physiological changes.

Live bacterial therapeutics (LBTs) could reverse diseases by engrafting in the gut and providing persistent beneficial functions in the host. However, attempts to functionally manipulate the gut microbiome of conventionally raised (CR) hosts have been unsuccessful because engineered microbial organisms (i.e.

Diet and feeding pattern modulate diurnal dynamics of the ileal microbiome and transcriptome.

Compositional oscillations of the gut microbiome are essential for normal peripheral circadian rhythms, both of which are disrupted in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Although time-restricted feeding (TRF) maintains circadian synchrony and protects against DIO, its impact on the dynamics of the cecal gut microbiome is modest. Thus, other regions of the gut, particularly the ileum, the nexus for incretin and bile acid signaling, may play an important role in entraining peripheral circadian rhythms.

Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia Alter Diurnal Rhythms of Luminal Gut Microbiome and Metabolome.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia (IHC), affects the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolome. The gut microbiome has diurnal oscillations that play a crucial role in regulating circadian and overall metabolic homeostasis. Thus, we hypothesized that IHC adversely alters the gut luminal dynamics of key microbial families and metabolites.

Obesity and Insulin Resistance Promote Atherosclerosis through an IFNγ-Regulated Macrophage Protein Network.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Macrophages, which are activated in T2D and causatively linked to atherogenesis, are an attractive mechanistic link. Here, we use proteomics to show that diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance (obesity/IR) modulate a pro-atherogenic "macrophage-sterol-responsive-network" (MSRN), which, in turn, predisposes macrophages to cholesterol accumulation.

Comparison of microsurgical and conventional open flap debridement: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Residual calculus exists not only on teeth treated by scaling alone but also on teeth treated by flap surgery. Periodontal microsurgery enables more definite removal of calculus, atraumatic handling of tissues through optical magnification. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of microsurgery with conventional open flap debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Conceptual barriers to understanding physical barriers.

The members of the large family of claudin proteins regulate ion and water flux across the tight junction. Many claudins, e.g.

γδ Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Migration Limits Transepithelial Pathogen Invasion and Systemic Disease in Mice.

Background & Aims: Intraepithelial lymphocytes that express the γδ T-cell receptor (γδ IELs) limit pathogen translocation across the intestinal epithelium by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether γδ IEL migration and interaction with epithelial cells promote mucosal barrier maintenance during enteric infection.

Methods: Salmonella typhimurium or Toxoplasma gondii were administered to knockout (KO) mice lacking either the T cell receptor δ chain (Tcrd) or CD103, or control TcrdEGFP C57BL/6 reporter mice.

No effect of obesity on limb and component alignment after computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to determine if computer navigation provides consistent accuracy for limb and component alignment during TKA irrespective of body mass index (BMI) by comparing limb and component alignment and the outlier rates in obese versus non-obese individuals undergoing computer-assisted TKA.

Methods: Six hundred and thirty-five computer assisted total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed in non-obese individuals (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) were compared with 520 computer-assisted TKAs in obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) for postoperative limb and component alignment using full length standing hip-to-ankle radiographs.

Results: No significant difference in postoperative limb alignment (179.

Occludin OCEL-domain interactions are required for maintenance and regulation of the tight junction barrier to macromolecular flux.

In vitro and in vivo studies implicate occludin in the regulation of paracellular macromolecular flux at steady state and in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To define the roles of occludin in these processes, we established intestinal epithelia with stable occludin knockdown. Knockdown monolayers had markedly enhanced tight junction permeability to large molecules that could be modeled by size-selective channels with radii of ~62.

Which factors increase risk of malalignment of the hip-knee-ankle axis in TKA?

Background: Computer navigation has improved accuracy and reduced the percentage of alignment outliers in TKA. However, the characteristics of outliers and the risk factors for limb malalignment after TKA are still unclear.

Questions/purposes: We therefore addressed the following questions: (1) What is the incidence and characteristics of outliers for postoperative limb mechanical axis (hip-knee-ankle [HKA] angle outside the conventional 180° ± 3° range) and component alignment in TKA? And (2) what are the preoperative clinical or radiographic risk factors for limb mechanical axis malalignment in TKA?

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of 1500 computer-assisted TKAs to identify outliers for postoperative HKA axis and component alignment and determined risk factors for malalignment.

Computer-assisted total knee replacement in patients with arthritis and a recurvatum deformity.

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1150 computer-assisted total knee replacements and analysed the clinical and radiological outcomes of 45 knees that had arthritis with a pre-operative recurvatum deformity. The mean pre-operative hyperextension deformity of 11° (6° to 15°), as measured by navigation at the start of the operation, improved to a mean flexion deformity of 3.1° (0° to 7°) post-operatively.

How accurate are orthopaedic surgeons in visually estimating lower limb alignment?

This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of visual estimation of limb alignment and knee flexion by orthopaedic surgeons when compared to recordings done by computed navigation. Orthopaedic surgeons attending a national conference were asked to place a lower limb synthetic bone model in 6 positions of the knee in the coronal and sagittal planes. These were simultaneously quantified and recorded by a computer navigation system.

Alignment of computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty in patients with altered hip center.

This study aimed to determine limb and component alignment after computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty in 30 patients (32 limbs) with an altered hip center due to a prior hip implant or deformed femoral head. There were no outliers greater than ±3° in the postoperative coronal alignment of the limb and the femoral component in relation to the altered hip center. Two limbs (8%) were more than ±3° for coronal alignment of the femoral component in relation to the anatomical hip center and 96% of limbs had less than 2° deviation in relation to the altered hip center.