Underrepresented Populations in Parkinson's Genetics Research: Current Landscape and Future Directions.

Background: Human genetics research lacks diversity; over 80% of genome-wide association studies have been conducted on individuals of European ancestry. In addition to limiting insights regarding disease mechanisms, disproportionate representation can create disparities preventing equitable implementation of personalized medicine.

Objective: This systematic review provides an overview of research involving Parkinson's disease (PD) genetics in underrepresented populations (URP) and sets a baseline to measure the future impact of current efforts in those populations.

Surgical treatment of dystonia.

Treatment of dystonia should be individualized and tailored to the specific needs of patients. Surgical treatment is an important option in medically refractory cases. Several issues regarding type of the surgical intervention, targets, and predict factors of benefit are still under debate.

Central pontine signal changes in Wilson's disease: distinct MRI morphology and sequential changes with de-coppering therapy.

Background And Purpose: Reports of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)-like changes in Wilson's disease (WD) and its sequential changes are exceptional. The aim was to study the MRI characteristics of CPM-like changes in WD and the serial changes.

Methods: Among the 121 patients of WD, twenty (M:F:9:11, age at onset: 14.