Radiation-induced aberrant structural covariance networks in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a source-based morphometry study.

Background: Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who have undergone radiotherapy (RT), which is characterized by significant cognitive and psychological impairments. Although radiation-induced regional structural abnormalities have been well-reported, the effects of RT on the whole brain structural covariance networks are mostly unknown. Here, we performed a source-based morphometry (SBM) study to solve this issue.

Relationship between glymphatic system dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.

Background: Cognitive impairment associated with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents substantial challenges for which the functionality of the brain glymphatic system is a key area of interest. This study aimed to explore the functionality of the brain glymphatic system in patients with chronic cognitive impairment following mild-to-moderate TBI using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study.

Association between glymphatic dysfunction and neurocognitive decline in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy.

Background: The glymphatic system is essential for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. It may be impaired in patients with epilepsy, but its association with neurocognitive function remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the association between changes in the glymphatic system and neurocognitive function in individuals diagnosed with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE).

Spatiotemporal differentiation and driving mechanisms of high-level Grade A tourist attractions in the Yangtze River Delta City Cluster.

Herein, the spatial evolution characteristics of high-level Grade A tourist attractions in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration, from 2001 to 2021, are studied by comprehensively applying the nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation. High-level Grade A tourist attractions are investigated using the random forest model as the driving mechanism of the spatial pattern. Results show that 1) the spatial distribution of high-level Class A tourist attractions in the YRD city cluster has grown to be an agglomeration, and the high-density areas have evolved from "point-like dispersion to regiment-like combination," gradually forming a B-shaped core density structure.

Icariside II modulates pulmonary fibrosis via PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway inhibition of M2 macrophage program.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating interstitial lung disorder characterized by its limited therapeutic interventions. Macrophages, particularly the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 subtype), have been acknowledged for their substantial involvement in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Hence, targeting macrophages emerges as a plausible therapeutic avenue for IPF.

Radiation-induced glymphatic dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a study using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space.

Radiation encephalopathy (RE) refers to radiation-induced brain necrosis and is a life-threatening complication in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy (RT), and radiation-induced pre-symptomatic glymphatic alterations have not yet been investigated. We used diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index to examine the pre-symptomatic glymphatic alterations in NPC patients following RT. A total of 109 patients with NPC consisted of Pre-RT ( = 35) and Post-RT ( = 74) cohorts were included.

Proteomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Astragaloside in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer by inducing apoptosis.

Background: Astragaloside III (AS III), a saponin-like metabolite derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragali Radix, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer and heart failure, and a variety of digestive disorders. However, its molecular mechanism in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown.

Methods: Human lung cancer A549 cells and NCI-H460 cells and a normal human lung epithelial cell BEAS-2B were treated with different concentrations of AS III.

Amphiphilic polymeric nanodrug integrated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for synergistic antibacterial and antitumor therapy of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies that can be influenced by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium that promotes tumor development and chemoresistance, resulting in limited therapeutic efficacy. Traditional antibiotics cannot effectively eliminate Fn at tumor site due to issues like biofilm formation, while chemotherapy alone fails to suppress tumor progression. Therefore, the development of new methods to eliminate Fn and promote antitumor efficacy is of great significance for improving the outcome of CRC treatment.

Facile filter cloth brush-coating of large-area uniform silver nanowire conductive films for paper-based heater.

Filter cloth brush-coating (FCBC), using soft filter cloth as a brush-coating medium, in conjunction with viscous silver nanowire (AgNW) conductive solution, is used to prepare AgNW conductive films. The density and uniformity of AgNWs deposited on the substrate are controlled by the interplay between the filter cloth aperture, the conductive solution viscosity, and the brush-coating speed. Further, with appropriate AgNW concentration and flow rate, uniform AgNW transparent conductive film with sheet resistance of 18 Ω sqand transmittance of 94% at 550 nm is acquired by FCBC.

Nitrite stimulates HONO and NO but not NO emissions in Chinese agricultural soils during nitrification.

The long-lived greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO) and short-lived reactive nitrogen (N) gases such as ammonia (NH), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrogen oxides (NO) are produced and emitted from fertilized soils and play a critical role for climate warming and air quality. However, only few studies have quantified the production and emission potentials for long- and short-lived gaseous nitrogen (N) species simultaneously in agricultural soils. To link the gaseous N species to intermediate N compounds [ammonium (NH), hydroxylamine (NHOH), and nitrite (NO)] and estimate their temperature change potential, ex-situ dry-out experiments were conducted with three Chinese agricultural soils.

Ultrasound diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in children and adolescents.

Background: Many studies have reported Xp 11.2 translocation renal cancer in radioimaging,but there is little literature on the evaluation of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma by ultrasound.

Icariside Ⅱ attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating macrophage polarization.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Numerous studies have provided evidence supporting the significant roles of icariin, in the prevention of multiple chronic diseases like diabetes, liver fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. In particular, Icariside II (ISE II), a prominent flavonoid glycoside derived from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, the principal metabolite of icariin, has demonstrated noteworthy anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, along with its ability to protect against lung remodeling. However, the research exploring ISE Ⅱ's application in treating pulmonary fibrosis remains limited.

Network pharmacology and experiments in vivo and in vitro reveal that the Jia-Wei-Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula (JWBSYQF) and its active ingredient baicalein ameliorate BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jia-Wei-Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula (JWBSYQF), a classical traditional Chinese herbal formula consisting of five herbs, is used clinically in China to treat inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Its mechanism for treating asthma and COPD has been reported, however, how it works against IPF remains unclear.

Research Purpose: Our study aims to observe the therapeutic effect of JWBSYQF on pulmonary fibrosis and further identify the potential active ingredients and molecular pathways.

Albumin-based formononetin nanomedicines for lung injury and fibrosis therapy via blocking macrophage pyroptosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis that occurs following lung injury is a progressive and fatal disease since continual damage to lung tissue triggers the dysregulated inflammation response and accompanying abnormal healing process. Pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages has been found to play an essential role in the deterioration of lung injury and fibrosis. However, the lack of inhibitors against this inflammatory cell death in macrophages and the dense stroma pose major barriers to lung injury and fibrosis treatment.

Topological abnormality of structural covariance network in MRI-negative frontal lobe epilepsy.

Background: Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is the second most common type of focal epilepsy, however, imaging studies of FLE have been far less than Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and the structural findings were not consistent in previous literature.

Object: Investigate the changes in cortical thickness in patients with FLE and the alteration of the structural covariance networks (SCNs) of cortical thickness with graph-theory.

Method: Thirty patients with FLE (18 males/12 females; 28.

Transcriptomics reveals apigenin alleviates airway inflammation and epithelial cell apoptosis in allergic asthma via MAPK pathway.

Persistent chronic inflammation of the lungs and airway remodeling are important pathological features that cannot be ignored in patients with chronic asthma. Apigenin (API) is a natural small molecule compound with good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity that has been widely reported in recent years, but its role in chronic asthma is not well defined. Our study began with oral gavage intervention using API (10, 20 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg) in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization.

Alteration in topological organization characteristics of gray matter covariance networks in patients with prediabetes.

Objectives: Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact mechanism of prediabetes-related brain diseases has not been fully elucidated. The brain structure of patients with prediabetes has been damaged to varying degrees, and these changes may affect the topological characteristics of large-scale brain networks.

Evaluation of the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with apatinib on rabbit VX2 liver tumors by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Background And Purpose: It is crucial to evaluate the efficacy, recurrence, and metastasis of liver tumors after clinical treatment. This study aimed to investigate the value of Introvoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) imaging in the evaluation of rabbit VX2 liver tumors treated with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) combined with apatinib.

Methods: Twenty rabbit VX2 liver tumor models were established and randomly divided into either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=5).

A Sensor and Machine Learning-Based Sensory Management Recommendation System for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Sensory processing issues are one of the most common issues observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Technologies that could address the issue serve a more and more important role in interventions for ASD individuals nowadays. In this study, a sensory management recommendation system was developed and tested to help ASD children deal with atypical sensory responses in class.

Integrated systems pharmacology and transcriptomics to dissect the mechanisms of Loki Zupa decoction in the treatment of murine allergic asthma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Loki zupa (LKZP) decoction, a traditional Uyghur medicine prescription, has been commonly used to treat numerous respiratory ailments in the Xinjiang region of western China, especially chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. Due to its complex chemical composition, however, the mechanism of action of LKZP has yet to be fully elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: Based on the balanced regulation theory of pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation, we tried to investigate the effectiveness of LKZP on asthma and its related protective mechanisms.

Climate warming, but not Spartina alterniflora invasion, enhances wetland soil HONO and NO emissions.

Climate warming and invasive plant growth (plant invasion) may aggravate air pollution by affecting soil nitrogen (N) cycling and the emissions of reactive N gases, such as nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NO). However, little is known about the response of soil NO (HONO + NO) emissions and microbial functional genes to the interaction of climate warming and plant invasion. Here, we found that experimental warming (approximately 1.

Concomitant functional impairment and reorganization in the linkage between the cerebellum and default mode network in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Increasing evidence shows that the default mode network (DMN) and cerebellum are prone to structural and functional abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the type of change in the functional connection between the DMN and cerebellum is still unknown.

Methods: In this study, seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was used to examine the intrinsic FC of the cerebellum-DMN between healthy controls (HCs) and T2DM patients.

Phosphomolybdic Acid-Modified Monolayer Graphene Anode for Efficient Organic and Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Graphene is a promising flexible transparent electrode, and significant progress in graphene-based optoelectronic devices has been accomplished by reducing the sheet resistance and tuning the work function. Herein, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) is proposed as a novel p-type chemical dopant for graphene, and the optical and electrical properties of graphene are investigated systematically. As a result, the monolayer graphene electrode with lower sheet resistance and work function are obtained while maintaining a high transmittance.

Solution-Processed Quasi-Two-Dimensional/Nanoscrystals Perovskite Composite Film Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Solution-processed quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D)/colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) perovskite composite films are first prepared as the emitting layers of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The subsequent multi-spin-coating of PNCs not only fills the gully-like fluctuations of the nanocrystal pinning-prepared Q-2D perovskite films and decreases their surface roughness but also transforms the bilayer perovskite nanosheets into multilayer ones, thus improving the charge transport and reducing the hole-injection barrier in the composite films. More importantly, the bromide vacancies and Pb defects in the Q-2D perovskites are removed via Br supply and Pb-OOC-R interaction, in which the Br ions and COO groups (from oleic acid) come from the PNC solution, and the radiation recombination is significantly enhanced.