Aberrant patterns of spontaneous brain activity in schizophrenia: A resting-state fMRI study and classification analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia is a prevalent mental disorder, leading to severe disability. Currently, the absence of objective biomarkers hinders effective diagnosis. This study was conducted to explore the aberrant spontaneous brain activity and investigate the potential of abnormal brain indices as diagnostic biomarkers employing machine learning methods.

Association of anhedonia with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-10 in major depressive disorder.

Background: Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), manifests in two forms: anticipatory and consummatory, reflecting a diminished capacity to anticipate or enjoy pleasurable activities. Prior studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) may play key roles in the emergence of anhedonia in MDD. The specific relationships between these biomarkers and the two forms of anhedonia remain unclear.

Increased cortical structural covariance correlates with anhedonia in schizophrenia.

Anhedonia is a common symptom in schizophrenia and is closely related to poor functional outcomes. Several lines of evidence reveal that the orbitofrontal cortex plays an important role in anhedonia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in structural covariance within the orbitofrontal subregions, and to further study their role in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia in schizophrenia.

Comparison of brain network between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A multimodal MRI analysis of comparative studies.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a shared symptom of Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BP), but the underlying neural mechanisms for both remain unclear. We aimed to identify abnormalities in the structural and functional brain network of patients with SCZ and BP.

Methods: The study included 69 patients with SCZ, 40 with BP, and 63 healthy controls (HC).

Rumination mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

Rumination and childhood trauma are related to depressive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical individuals. This is the first study aimed to test the mediating effect of rumination on the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. A total of 313 schizophrenia patients were recruited in the present study.

Differences in inflammatory marker profiles and cognitive functioning between deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Deficit schizophrenia (DS) patient is a homogenous subtype of schizophrenia that includes primary and enduring negative symptoms. This study aimed to compare the differences in cognitive functioning and plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines among DS patients, nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) patients, and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 141 schizophrenia patients and 67 HCs were included in this study.

Correlation of Orexin-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia treated with clozapine.

Orexin-A and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are implicated in regulating metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. However, the associations among them remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Orexin-A levels, BDNF, MetS, clinical symptom profile, and cognitive function in schizophrenia patients following long-term clozapine treatment.

Gender Differences of Schizophrenia Patients With and Without Depressive Symptoms in Clinical Characteristics.

To investigate the differences in psychotic symptoms and cognitive function in schizophrenics with and without depression and to compare gender differences in the correlation between depressive symptoms and clinical characteristics in those patients. A total of 190 schizophrenia patients and 200 healthy controls were recruited in the study. We used the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to evaluate the psychiatric symptoms, depressive symptoms and cognitive function, respectively.

Association of Cognitive Impairment With Anhedonia in Patients With Schizophrenia.

Anhedonia is considered as one of the five dimensions of negative symptoms and mainly refers to the reduction of the capacity of feeling pleasure. Increasing evidence suggests that anhedonia in schizophrenia may be partly explained by cognitive impairment. However, the associations between specific cognitive impairment and anhedonia are not fully investigated.

Abnormal functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex subregions mediates the association between anhedonia and sleep quality in major depressive disorder.

Background: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a crucial region in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between functional alterations of the ACC subregions, anhedonia and sleep quality remains unclear in MDD patients.

Methods: The resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of ACC subregions was measured in 41 first-episode medication-naïve MDD patients and 63 healthy controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Altered brain activity in the bilateral frontal cortices and neural correlation with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Cognitive impairments are core aspects of schizophrenia and are highly related to poor outcomes. However, the effect of therapy on cognitive impairments remains unsatisfactory as its biological mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disrupted intrinsic neural activity of the frontal areas and to further examine the functional connectivity of frontal areas related to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: There have been a few systematic reviews and conventional meta-analyses reporting effect of drugs on metabolic disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotics (AAPs). However, few of them provided sufficient and comprehensive comparisons between pharmacological interventions.

Aims: We aimed to qualitatively compare drugs' effect on AAPs-induced metabolic abnormalities by using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Deficits in multi-scale top-down processes distorting auditory perception in schizophrenia.

Cognitive models postulate that impaired source monitoring incorrectly weights the top-down prediction and bottom-up sensory processes and causes hallucinations. However, the underlying mechanisms of the interaction, such as whether the incorrectly weighting is ubiquitously on all levels of sensory features and whether different top-down processes have distinct effects in subgroups of schizophrenia are still unclear. This study investigates how multi-scale predictions influence perception of basic tonal features in schizophrenia.

Inflammatory cytokines, complement factor H and anhedonia in drug-naïve major depressive disorder.

Objective: Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and often associated with poor prognosis. The main objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between complement factor H (CFH), inflammatory cytokines and anhedonia in drug-naïve MDD patients.

Methods: A total of 215 participants (61 MDD patients with anhedonia, 78 MDD patients without anhedonia, and 76 control subjects) were included.

A novel risk model to predict first-ever ischemic stroke in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Patients with heart failure are at increased risk for ischemic stroke. We aim to develop a more accurate stroke risk prediction tools identify high-risk patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Patient data were extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical database between January 2009 and February 2019.

Ethnicity-dependent effects of Zinc finger 804A variant on schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Previous studies and meta-analysis indicated that rs1344706 was associated with schizophrenia in European population, whereas the conclusions in other populations were disputed. To further explore whether the allele A of rs1344706 would increase the risk of schizophrenia in different populations and update the original meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis worldwide.

Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science (up to 10 July 2019) according to the inclusion criteria.

Association Between SIRT1, Cytokines, and Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Patients With Olanzapine or Clozapine Monotherapy.

Previous studies consistently showed the interaction between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and immune inflammation is significantly related to metabolic abnormalities, but their role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome caused by second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in schizophrenia patients largely remains unknown. Hence, the present study aimed to fill this gap. A total of 54 schizophrenia patients with olanzapine or clozapine monotherapy [metabolic syndrome (MetS)/non-MetS patients, 27/27] and 67 healthy subjects were recruited in the present study.

Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in ameliorating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients are associated with the patients' functional outcomes and quality of life. However, pharmacotherapy has little effect on such symptoms. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in ameliorating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients.

A Novel Synthetic Interfering Peptide Tat-3L4F Attenuates Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain Through Disrupting Crosstalk Between Serotonin Receptor 2C and Protein Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Rats.

Background: Accompanied with profound efficacy, atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) contribute to metabolic adverse effects with few effective strategies to attenuate. Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (HTR2C) plays a critical role in hyperphagia and weight gain induced by AAPs, and expression of phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) in the hypothalamus also affects feeding behavior and weight change. Moreover, PTEN has a physical crosstalk between PTEN and a region in the third intracellular loop (3L4F) of the HTR2C.

Metabolic profiling identifies TC and LDL as potential serum biomarkers for depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. A total of 210 patients with schizophrenia and 70 healthy controls were recruited in our present study. All patients were rated on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) to measure depressive symptoms and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychopathology.