[Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Leukemia: from Mechanism to Treatment --Review].

Pyroptosis is a programmed death mediated by activated caspase and Gasdermin family proteins, characterized by cell swelling, cytosolysis and release of inflammatory factors. Leukemia is a malignant disease characterized by abnormal differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, thus seriously threating human health. In recent years, it has been found that the transformation, proliferation, metastasis and treatment response of leukemia cells are closely related to pyrodeath.

Mosquito Repellents: Efficacy Tests of Commercial Skin-Applied Products in China.

As a prevention tool for mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito repellents have received substantial attention. To make a convincing recommendation for repellent products to Chinese consumers, we compared the protection time (landing time and probing time) of the 26 best-selling commercial repellents in the Chinese market in a controlled laboratory environment. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms of Metabolic Enzymes and Azathioprine-Induced Myelosuppression in 1,419 Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between genetic polymorphisms of azathioprine-metabolizing enzymes and adverse reactions of myelosuppression. To this end, a retrospective analysis was performed on 1,419 Chinese patients involving 40 different diseases and 3 genes: (94C>A), (T>C), and (415C>T). Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to collect the relative cases, and the correlation between azathioprine and myelosuppression was evaluated by adverse drug reaction criteria.

Observation of the effect of one-to-one education on high-risk cases of diabetic foot.

Background: Diabetes is a common chronic disease, and its global incidence is on the rise. The disease is directly attributed to insufficient insulin efficacy/secretion, and patients are often accompanied by multiple complications. Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes.

Novel zwitterionic vectors: Multi-functional delivery systems for therapeutic genes and drugs.

Zwitterions consist of equal molar cationic and anionic moieties and thus exhibit overall electroneutrality. Zwitterionic materials include phosphorylcholine, sulfobetaine, carboxybetaine, zwitterionic amino acids/peptides, and other mix-charged zwitterions that could form dense and stable hydration shells through the strong ion-dipole interaction among water molecules and zwitterions. As a result of their remarkable hydration capability and low interfacial energy, zwitterionic materials have become ideal choices for designing therapeutic vectors to prevent undesired biosorption especially nonspecific biomacromolecules during circulation, which was termed antifouling capability.

Clinical characteristics and chest CT imaging features of critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Objectives: To compare clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings in critically ill patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who survived and who died.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 60 critically ill patients (43 males and 17 females, mean age 64.4 ± 11.

Progress in the treatment of infantile hemangioma.

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign tumor, which mostly resolves spontaneously; however, children with high-risk IH need treatment. Currently, the recognized first-line treatment regimen for IH is oral propranolol, but research on the pathogenesis of IH has led to the identification of new therapeutic targets, which have shown good curative effects, providing more options for disease treatment. This article summarizes the applications of different medications, dosages, and routes of administration for the treatment of IH.

Current RNA-based Therapeutics in Clinical Trials.

Long-term research on various types of RNAs has led to further understanding of diverse mechanisms, which eventually resulted in the rapid development of RNA-based therapeutics as powerful tools in clinical disease treatment. Some of the developing RNA drugs obey the antisense mechanisms including antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, small activating RNAs, and ribozymes. These types of RNAs could be utilized to inhibit/activate gene expression or change splicing to provide functional proteins.

Current Advances in Small Activating RNAs for Gene Therapy: Principles, Applications and Challenges.

Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs that could mediate the target-specific gene expression by targeting selected sequences in gene promoters at both the transcriptional and epigenetic levels. This phenomenon of gene manipulation is known as RNA activation (RNAa), which opens up a new pathway for RNA-based gene therapeutics in contrast to RNA interference. Although the exact molecular mechanism of RNAa mediated by saRNAs still remains foggy, some studies have provided the possible ones to explain it.

Degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid via the N-carbamoylimine derivate (IM-1-2) mediated by the nitrile hydratase of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333.

The metabolism of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (ACE) has been extensively studied in plants, animals, soils, and microbes. However, hydration of the N-cyanoimine group in ACE to the N-carbamoylimine derivate (IM-1-2) by purified microbes, the enzyme responsible for this biotransformation, and further degradation of IM-1-2 have not been studied. The present study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine that the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333 transforms ACE to IM-1-2.

The metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by soil enrichment cultures, and the bacterial diversity and plant growth-promoting properties of the cultured isolates.

A soil enrichment culture (SEC) rapidly degraded 96% of 200 mg L(-1) neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam (TMX) in MSM broth within 30 d; therefore, its metabolic pathway of TMX, bacterial diversity and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) activities of the cultured isolates were studied. The SEC transformed TMX via the nitro reduction pathway to form nitrso, urea metabolites and via cleavage of the oxadiazine cycle to form a new metabolite, hydroxyl CLO-tri. In addition, 16S rRNA gene-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that uncultured rhizobacteria are predominant in the SEC broth and that 77.

Two new sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris sonchifolia.

The structures of two new sesquiterpene lactones, 11,13beta-dihydroixerin Z (1) and Ixerin Z2 (2) isolated from Ixeris sonchifolia were determined to be 3-hydroxy-1(10),3-guaiadiene-12,6-olide-2-one-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 1(10),3,11 (13)-guaiatriene-12,6-olide-2-one-3-O-[6'-(4"-hydroxybenzyl lactyl)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively on the basis of detailed spectral analysis.

[Development of transformation system of rice based on transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vector].

The TAC clone (NK15) containing a ca.50 kb DNA insert was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 by electroporation. The NK15 was stable in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 under kanamycin selection for many generations.