The α-Synuclein Seeding Amplification Assay for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Currently, PD is incurable, and the diagnosis of PD mainly relies on clinical manifestations. The central pathological event in PD is the abnormal aggregation and deposition of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein aggregates in the Lewy body (LB) in affected brain areas.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-related approaches to generate dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease.

The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease, the second most common human neurodegenerative disease. Although the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear, the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and therapy. The induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons, which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease therapies.

Reelin links Apolipoprotein E4, Tau, and Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and is characterised by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. A recent report of a patient carrying a novel gain-of-function variant of RELN (H3447R, termed RELN-COLBOS) who developed resilience against presenilin-linked autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD) has generated enormous interest. The RELN-COLBOS variant enhances interactions with the apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), which are associated with delayed AD onset and progression.

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibitors and Dopamine Receptor Agonists Combination Therapy for Parkinson's Disease.

There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss. There is increasing evidence that endogenous dopamine (DA) can be a pathological factor in neurodegeneration in PD. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the key rate-limiting enzyme for DA generation.

Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

A pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine (DA) content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains. DA is the neurotransmitter of dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence suggests that DA interacts with environmental and genetic factors to contribute to PD pathophysiology.

Targeting gasdermin E in neurodegenerative diseases.

Neel et al. identified pathophysiologic clues linking gasdermin-E (GSDME) with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therapeutic studies targeting GSDME may provide a viable approach for neurodegenerative diseases.

Improving the and bioavailability of pterostilbene using Yesso scallop gonad protein isolates-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugate-based emulsions: effects of carrier oil.

This study investigated the influence of carrier oils on the and bioavailability of PTE encapsulated in scallop gonad protein isolates (SGPIs)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) conjugate stabilized emulsions. The SGPIs-EGCG stabilized emulsions were subjected to an simulated digestion, and the resulting corn oil and MCT micelles were used to evaluate the PTE transportation using the Caco-2 cell model. Both emulsions remarkably improved the bioaccessibility of PTE in the micelle phase.

Analysis of Six β-Lactam Residues in Milk and Egg by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with Large-Volume Sample Stacking and Polarity Switching.

A new micellar electrokinetic chromatography method with large-volume sample stacking and polarity switching was developed to analyze amoxicllin, cephalexin, oxacillin, penicillin G, cefazolin, and cefoperazone in milk and egg. The important parameters influencing separation and enrichment factors were optimized. The optimized running buffer consisted of 10 mM phosphate and 22 mM SDS at pH 6.

Determination of eight triazine herbicide residues in cereal and vegetable by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with on-line sweeping.

A new method was developed for the determination of eight triazine herbicide residues in cereal and vegetable samples by on-line sweeping technique in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). Some factors affecting analyte enrichment and separation efficiency were examined. The optimum buffer was composed of 25 mM borate, 15 mM phosphate, 40 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and 3% (v/v) of 1-propanol at pH 6.

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction in the analysis of agrochemicals.

The molecular imprinting technique is a highly predeterminative recognition technology. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be applied to the cleanup and preconcentration of analytes as the selective adsorbent of solid-phase extraction (SPE). In recent years, a new type of SPE has formed, molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE), and has been widely applied to the extraction of agrochemicals.

On-line preconcentration and determination of six sulfonylurea herbicides in cereals by MEKC with large-volume sample stacking and polarity switching.

A new MEKC method with large-volume sample stacking and polarity switching was developed for on-line preconcentration and detection of sulfonylurea herbicide (SUH) residues in cereals, including nicosulfuron (NS), thifensulfuon (methyl) (TFM), tribenuron-methly (TBM), sulfometuron-methyl (SMM), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE), and chlorimuron-ethyl (CME). In order to achieve a high resolution and enrichment factor, several parameters were optimized, such as the pH of the running buffer, the concentration of the BGE and the SDS, the separate voltage, the sample size, the pH, and the electrolyte concentration of the sample. The optimal running buffer was composed of 30 mM borate and 80 mM SDS at pH 7.