Synthesis of Bridged Five-Membered Ring Systems by Type II [3 + 2] Annulation of Allenylsilane-ene.

The first type II intramolecular [3 + 2] annulation of allenylsilane-ene has been achieved, enabling diastereoselective and efficient construction of synthetically challenging bridged five-membered ring systems such as bicyclo[3.2.1].

Reciprocal conversion between annual and polycarpic perennial flowering behavior in the Brassicaceae.

The development of perennial crops holds great promise for sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the evolution of the transition between perenniality and annuality is poorly understood. Here, using two Brassicaceae species, Crucihimalaya himalaica and Erysimum nevadense, as polycarpic perennial models, we reveal that the transition from polycarpic perennial to biennial and annual flowering behavior is a continuum determined by the dosage of three closely related MADS-box genes.

Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds.

Weed species are detrimental to crop yield. An understanding of how weeds originate and adapt to field environments is needed for successful crop management and reduction of herbicide use. Although early flowering is one of the weed trait syndromes that enable ruderal weeds to overcome frequent disturbances, the underlying genetic basis is poorly understood.

A spatiotemporally regulated transcriptional complex underlies heteroblastic development of leaf hairs in .

Heteroblasty refers to a phenomenon that a plant produces morphologically or functionally different lateral organs in an age-dependent manner. In the model plant , the production of trichomes (epidermal leaf hairs) on the abaxial (lower) side of leaves is a heteroblastic mark for the juvenile-to-adult transition. Here, we show that the heteroblastic development of abaxial trichomes is regulated by a spatiotemporally regulated complex comprising the leaf abaxial fate determinant () and the developmental timer (miR172-targeted AP2-like proteins).