Maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion resulting in the genetic analysis of offspring pedigrees with deletions at Xp22.33 and Xp22.33p11.3, and duplications at Xq27.3q28: Case report.

Rationale: This study investigates the genetic cause of primary infertility and short stature in a woman, focusing on maternal X chromosome pericentric inversion and its impact on offspring genetic outcomes, including deletions at Xp22.33 and Xp22.33p11.

Imrecoxib: Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Imrecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was discovered via the balanced inhibition strategy of COX-1/COX-2. It is indicated for the relief of painful symptoms of osteoarthritis. There have been some pharmacological and therapeutic advances since the approval of imrecoxib in 2011.

New Insights into the Role of Mild Hypoxia in Regulating Neural Stem Cell Characteristics.

The proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is precisely regulated by extracellular environmental factors. In situ hypoxia, one of the key factors involved in the regulation of NSC characteristics, has attracted increasing amounts of attention. Numerous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia can significantly promote the formation of neurospheres and the proliferation of NSCs in vitro and that intermittent hypoxia can promote the proliferation of endogenous NSCs in vivo.

Tizanidine: Advances in Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Drug Formulations.

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) are widely used in treating musculoskeletal conditions. All SMRs, with the exception of baclofen and tizanidine, are on the list of 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. In our geriatric practice, off-label use of tizanidine as preemptive analgesia drove us to find recent advances in its pharmacology and therapeutics.

Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592 alleviates neuroinflammation via HIF-1/BNIP3 signaling in microglia.

Background: Neuroinflammation is responsible for neuropsychiatric dysfunction following acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. This study describes how a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitor FG-4592 prevents the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute neuroinflammation in microglia.

Methods: The distribution of FG-4592 in mouse brain tissues was determined by collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry.

Heating tumors with tumor cell-derived nanoparticles to enhance chemoimmunotherapy for colorectal cancer.

To investigate the mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and to improve immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, hybrid vesicles containing DOX (HV-DOX) were prepared by thin-film hydration with extrusion, and the formulated nanoparticles were characterized physically. Furthermore, experiments and animal models were used to investigate the efficacy and new mechanisms of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

Progress in Research on the Mechanisms and Interventions of Phlebitis from the Perspective of Vascular Endothelial Cell and Signaling Pathway.

Background: Phlebitis is a common complication of intravenous administration and greatly affects clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and health-care expenditure. Numerous studies have revealed venous injuries only through visual and histopathological examination. Although sporadic studies have explored the cellular and molecular biological mechanisms of phlebitis and the outcomes of pharmacological interventions, an updated review over the last decade is not available.

The Rate of Infusion Represents an Important Aspect of Administering Anticancer Agents.

Background: Infusion rate is one of the essential elements that should be included in all intravenous orders. Patients may experience adverse consequences or risks associated with inappropriate infusion. Meanwhile, there is growing pressure on the chemotherapy unit to deliver treatment quickly, efficiently, and safely, and thus it is very necessary to improve the chemotherapy process and service to cancer patients.

Effects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on the sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Folic acid and zinc supplements have been used to treat male infertility, but their efficacy is still debated.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of folic acid and folic acid plus zinc supplements on sperm characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of infertile men.

Methods: An online systematic search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from inception to August 1, 2022.

[Hypoxia promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced CXCL10 expression in microglia].

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CXC-chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL10) expression and the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, hypoxia, LPS, and hypoxia combined with LPS groups. The LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.

[Effects of blocking lactate production by 2-DG on hypoxic injury of HT22 neurons and its mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the effects of blocking lactate synthesis on the HT22 cell injuries caused by hypoxia.

Methods: 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a non-metabolized glucose analogue that can inhibit lactate synthesis by blocking glycolysis. HT22 cells were divided into 4 groups: Control group, 2-DG group, Hypoxia group and 2-DG+Hypoxia group.

BNIP3 phosphorylation by JNK1/2 promotes mitophagy via enhancing its stability under hypoxia.

Mitophagy is an important metabolic mechanism that modulates mitochondrial quality and quantity by selectively removing damaged or unwanted mitochondria. BNIP3 (BCL2/adenovirus e1B 19 kDa protein interacting protein 3), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is a mitophagy receptor that mediates mitophagy under various stresses, particularly hypoxia, since BNIP3 is a hypoxia-responsive protein. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate BNIP3 and thus mediate mitophagy under hypoxic conditions remain elusive.

Dietary meat mutagens intake and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Clinical and preclinical studies suggested that certain mutagens occurring as a reaction of creatine, amino acids, and sugar during the high temperature of cooking meat are involved in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether meat mutagens [PhIP, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, total HCA, and B(a)P] present a risk factor for human cancer.

Methods: We searched the following databases for relevant articles published from inception to 10 Oct 2021 with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Baidu Academic, Zhejiang Digital Library.

Autophagy Is Essential for Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Promoted by Hypoxia.

Hypoxia as a microenvironment or niche stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Autophagy is a protective mechanism by which recycled cellular components and energy are rapidly supplied to the cell under stress.

Experimental Study on Danggui Shaoyao San Improving Renal Fibrosis by Promoting Autophagy.

Renal fibrosis could lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) developing into the end-stage with its pathological manifestation is the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) is one of the widely used herbal formulas in ancient China, which has been proven to have efficacy in the treatment of CKD. The experiment employed TGF-1 to stimulate the NRK-52E cells to establish a renal fibrosis model.

Serum vitamin B12 levels and glycemic fluctuation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels and glycemic fluctuation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This study included 202 T2DM patients in whom blood glucose levels were recorded using a continuous glucose monitoring system retrospectively. Glycemic fluctuation was determined using the average daily risk range (ADRR), a diabetes-specific measure of the risk for hyper- and hypoglycemia.