Individual and combined effects of muscle strength and visceral adiposity on incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal cohort of midlife Asian women.

Aim: To investigate the independent and combined effects of muscle strength and visceral adiposity on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes incidence among midlife women.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study of midlife women (mean age 56.4 years), visceral adiposity, defined as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) >131 cm measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and poor combined muscle strength, defined as handgrip strength <18 kg and/or five-time repeated chair stand test performance ≥12 s, were determined at baseline between 2014 and 2016.

Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Early Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes in an Asian Population.

Objective: We explored the potential value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in early pregnancy in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: The study recruited 103 multiethnic Asian pregnant women with overweight or obesity from a hospital-based, prospective cohort. All of them had worn blinded CGM devices in early pregnancy and underwent the universal GDM screening at 24-28 gestation weeks.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational overall and subtypes of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to summarize the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its intergenerational cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) impacts in both mothers and offspring post-delivery in existing literature.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were utilized for searching publications between January 1980 and June 2024, with data extraction and meta-analysis continuing until 31 July 2024. Based on a predefined PROSPERO protocol, studies published as full-length, English-language journal articles that reported the presence of GDM during pregnancy and its association with any CVD development post-delivery were selected.

Healthy dietary patterns are associated with exposure to environmental chemicals in a pregnancy cohort.

Healthy dietary patterns, such as the alternate Mediterranean diet and alternate Healthy Eating Index, benefit cardiometabolic health. However, several food components of these dietary patterns are primary sources of environmental chemicals. Here, using data from a racially and ethnically diverse US cohort, we show that healthy dietary pattern scores were positively associated with plasma chemical exposure in pregnancy, particularly for the alternate Mediterranean diet and alternate Healthy Eating Index with polychlorinated biphenyls and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: It is known that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-complicated pregnancies could affect maternal cardiometabolic health after delivery, resulting in hepatic dysfunction and a heightened risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence, this study aims to summarise existing literature on the impact of GDM on NAFLD in mothers and investigate the intergenerational impact on NAFLD in offspring.

Methods: Using 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus) between January 1980 and December 2023, randomized controlled trials and observational studies that assessed the effect of maternal GDM on intergenerational liver outcomes were extracted and analysed using random-effects meta-analysis to investigate the effect of GDM on NAFLD in mothers and offspring.

The Effect of Telemedicine Interventions on Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions on patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The authors conducted a comprehensive search across eight databases. The aim was to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of telemedicine for patients with DFU.

Preconception maternal retinal venular widening and steeper resistance increments in the utero-fetoplacental circulation in pregnancy.

We investigated the relationship of preconception maternal retinal vasculature and utero-fetoplacental circulation in ensuing pregnancy. Embedded in a hospital-based, prospective preconception cohort, 396 women with a singleton live birth were included for analysis. We assessed retinal vascular caliber during preconception phase and retrieved ultrasonogram results documenting utero-fetoplacental circulatory indices using Doppler ultrasonography and documented them at 18-21 weeks, 24-28 weeks, and 32-34 weeks where available.

Maternal glycemic status during pregnancy and mid-childhood plasma amino acid profiles: findings from a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort.

Background: Increasing maternal glycaemia across the continuum during pregnancy may predispose offspring to subsequent cardiometabolic risk later in life. However, evidence of long-term impacts of maternal glycemic status on offspring amino acid (AA) profiles is scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal antenatal glycaemia and offspring mid-childhood amino acid (AA) profiles, which are emerging cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Early Pregnancy Maternal Plasma Phospholipid Saturated Fatty Acids and Fetal Growth: Findings from a Multi-Racial/Ethnic Birth Cohort in US.

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) during pregnancy are associated with disrupted metabolic programming among offspring at birth and later growth. We examined plasma phospholipid SFAs in early pregnancy and fetal growth throughout pregnancy. We enrolled 321 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort at gestational weeks 8-13.

Mediterranean diet and female reproductive health over lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Mediterranean diet on female reproductive health outcomes over the life-course.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify eligible studies published till February 2022.

Preconception maternal retinal arteriolar narrowing and fetal growth throughout pregnancy: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association between preconception maternal retinal arteriolar calibre and fetal growth.

Design, Setting And Population: A hospital-based, prospective preconception cohort including 369 women with a singleton live birth.

Methods: We collected detailed information on sociodemographic status, pregnancy history and lifestyle, and performed retinal imaging at the preconception visit.

Exploring preconception signatures of metabolites in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus using a non-targeted approach.

Background: Metabolomic changes during pregnancy have been suggested to underlie the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, research on metabolites during preconception is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate distinctive metabolites during the preconception phase between GDM and non-GDM controls in a nested case-control study in Singapore.

Construction of polysubstituted pentafulvenes palladium-catalyzed deacetylation of enones.

Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method for polysubstituted pentafulvenes palladium-catalyzed deacetylative [2+2+1] annulation of enones with alkynes. Aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-substituted α,β-enones were suitable substrates, affording the pentafulvene products in moderate to good yields. This protocol shows excellent compatibility with sensitive halides, free hydroxyl groups, and heterocycles.

Plasma Amino Acids in Early Pregnancy and Midpregnancy and Their Interplay With Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Association With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results From a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort.

Objective: We prospectively evaluated plasma amino acids (AAs) in early pregnancy and midpregnancy and their interplay with phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) in association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.

Research Design And Methods: From a longitudinal pregnancy cohort of 2,802 individuals, concentrations of 24 plasma AAs at 10-14 and 15-26 gestational weeks (GW) were assessed among 107 GDM case subjects and 214 non-GDM control subjects. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for the associations of plasma AAs and the joint associations of plasma AAs and phospholipid FAs with GDM risk, adjusting for risk factors including age, prepregnancy BMI, and family history of diabetes.

Plasma Phospholipid Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons Cohort.

Fatty acids (FAs) have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the role of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) remains understudied. We investigated the associations of plasma phospholipid MUFAs in early to mid-pregnancy with cardiometabolic biomarkers and GDM risk. From the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort (2009-2013), we identified 107 women with GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 214 control participants without GDM matched (2:1) on age, race/ethnicity, and gestational week (GW) of blood collection.

Retinal microvasculature and risk of spontaneous abortion in multiethnic Southeast Asian women.

Objective: To better understand the underlying pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion that affects 10%-20% of recognized pregnancies. We used retinal imaging to study the role of systemic microvasculature and the risk of spontaneous abortion.

Design: A prospective multiethnic preconception cohort study conducted in Singapore.

Plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids composition in early pregnancy and fetal growth trajectories throughout pregnancy: Findings from the US fetal growth studies-singletons cohort.

Background: We aimed to investigate plasma phospholipid PUFA levels in early pregnancy and fetal growth trajectories throughout pregnancy.

Methods: Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort, we enrolled 2,802 pregnant women at gestational weeks 8-13 and randomly assigned them to four ultrasonogram schedules to capture weekly fetal growth throughout pregnancy. Eleven plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured at early pregnancy using blood samples collected from a subsample of 321 pregnant women.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective.

Objective: Since Asians are particularly vulnerable to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the lifecourse health implications of which are far beyond pregnancy, we aimed to summarize the literature to understand the research gaps on current GDM research among Asians.

Methods: We systematically searched the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus by 30 June 2021 with keywords applied on three topics, namely "GDM prevalence in Asians", "GDM and maternal health outcomes in Asians", and "GDM and offspring health outcomes in Asians".

Results: We observed that Asian women (natives and immigrants) are at the highest risk of developing GDM and subsequent progression to type 2 diabetes among all populations.

Homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via C-C bond cleavage.

Transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of a molecular skeleton. We report herein the multi-carbon homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) bond cleavage and subsequent cross coupling with alkenols. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in the reaction, affording the corresponding products wtih good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity.

Palladium-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Enones with Alkynylsilanes via C-C Bond Activation.

We report herein the synthesis of 1,3-enynes via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between enone derivatives and alkynylsilanes. The employment of an appropriate pyridine-oxazoline ligand is the key to the C-C cleavage and the high / stereoselectivity. This protocol features broad substrate scope and wide functional-group tolerance, affording the desired products in moderate-to-good yields.

Multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis: A case report.

Background: Patients with severe periodontitis often require multidisciplinary treatment to achieve healthy periodontal tissue, normal occlusion, and optimal aesthetics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment in a patient with stage IV/ grade C periodontitis, malocclusion, and dentition defects.

Case Summary: A 47-year-old woman visited our periodontology department due to teeth mobility problems and difficulties chewing food.

Brief Report: Retinal Microvasculature and Immune Restoration Among South Eastern Asian Patients With HIV/AIDS Over a 9-Month Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Longitudinal evidence on retinal microvasculature and subsequent systemic inflammatory alteration is lacking. We investigated the association between retinal microvasculature and immune response among patients with HIV/AIDS over a 9-month antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on patients with HIV/AIDS at Singapore Communicable Disease Centre since June 2011.

Plasma Acylcarnitines during Pregnancy and Neonatal Anthropometry: A Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Cohort.

As surrogate readouts reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated levels of plasma acylcarnitines have been associated with cardiometabolic disorders, such as obesity, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to examine prospective associations of acylcarnitine profiles across gestation with neonatal anthropometry, including birthweight, birthweight z score, body length, sum of skinfolds, and sum of body circumferences. We quantified 28 acylcarnitines using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in plasma collected at gestational weeks 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 among 321 pregnant women from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons.