Pretreatment HIV drug resistance in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China, 2017.

Background: After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infected people, increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance (PDR). In this study, the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China.

[The study of an in-house method for drug resistance genotyping testing on HIV-1 strains prevailing in China].

Objective: To evaluate the amplification rate and the lowestlower detection limit of an in-house HIV-1 Drug resistant (HIVDR) genotyping test.

Methods: A total of 30 plasma samples were selected, which covered all major HIV-1 subtypes predominating prevailing in China (B', CRF07_BC, CRF01 _AE). The viral loads of the 30 selected samples were detected in triplicate by Easy Q method and the average values were taken as the viral loads of the samples.

[Impacts of HIV-1 resistance mutations associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on viral fitness].

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors which act as a major component of highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens are widely used in treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. However, the emergence of drug-resistant variants of HIV-1 severely limits the effectiveness of these drugs. Many drug resistance mutations confer a fitness cost, which can be partially overcome by compensatory mutations or other molecular mechanisms.

[Drug resistance and associated factors on HIV in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province].

Objective: To investigate the HIV drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients who had received highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAATR) in Liangshan prefecture and related factors.

Methods: This investigation was conducted from August to October 2010. Data on epidemiology, treatment, CD4(+) T cell, viral load and drug resistance tests were collected.

[Feasibility of using dried blood spots to detect HIV drug resistance genotyping].

Objective: This study aimed at exploring the feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) to detect HIV drug resistance genotyping in China by comparing the results of drug resistance from DBS, plasma and whole blood samples.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from 39 AIDS patients from Anhui (10), Yunnan (13), Hunan (6) and Xinjiang (10) provinces and autonomous regions. The HIV strains that infected these patients covered all the major HIV-1 subtypes prevailing in China (B, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC).

[Genotypic drug-resistance of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang province, 2004-2007].

Objective: To study the genotypic drug-resistant mutation among treat-naïve or treated patients infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Zhejiang province during 2004-2007.

Methods: HIV-1 pol amplicons (PR + RT) from 13 treated and 43 treat-naïve patients were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequences were analyzed for genotypic antiretroviral resistance through online tools (http://hivdb.

[Apoptosis in neonatal rat lung exposed to hyperoxia].

Objective: Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen in the neonatal period may impair lung growth and is a major contributing factor to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Cell death from hyperoxic injury may occur through either an apoptotic or nonapoptotic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia on caspase-3 and p53 gene expression and apoptosis in the lungs of neonatal rats, so as to determine the type of cell death that occurs in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

[Effects of U74389G on pulmonary macrophage influx and lung development in 95% O2 exposed newborn rats].

Objective: Oxygen toxicity is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). U74389G, a potent 21-aminosteroid antioxidant, was applied to the 95% O(2) induced acute lung injury in newborn rat model. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and the interaction of possible mediators, and to explore the effect of antioxidant intervention.