Neuronal double-stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration.

Background: Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Mouse serum albumin induces neuronal apoptosis and tauopathies.

The elderly frequently present impaired blood-brain barrier which is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. However, how the albumin, the most abundant protein in the plasma, leaking through the disrupted BBB, contributes to the neuropathology remains poorly understood. We here demonstrated that mouse serum albumin-activated microglia induced astrocytes to A1 phenotype to remarkably increase levels of Elovl1, an astrocytic synthase for very long-chain saturated fatty acids, significantly promoting VLSFAs secretion and causing neuronal lippoapoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway.

Thrombomodulin reduces α-synuclein generation and ameliorates neuropathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

The neurotoxic α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomers play an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the factors affecting α-syn generation and neurotoxicity remain unclear. We here first found that thrombomodulin (TM) significantly decreased in the plasma of PD patients and brains of A53T α-syn mice, and the increased TM in primary neurons reduced α-syn generation by inhibiting transcription factor p-c-jun production through Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, TM decreased α-syn neurotoxicity by reducing the levels of oxidative stress and inhibiting PAR1-p53-Bax signaling pathway.

[Prediction and analysis of Q-markers of Elephantopus scaber based on its UPLC fingerprint, content determination of components, and in vitro a nti-tumor activity].

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.

ArhGAP11A mediates amyloid-β generation and neuropathology in an Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but some factors promoting Aβ generation and Aβ oligomer (Aβo) neurotoxicity remain unclear. We here find that the levels of ArhGAP11A, a Ras homology GTPase-activating protein, significantly increase in patients with AD and amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice. Reducing the ArhGAP11A level in neurons not only inhibits Aβ generation by decreasing the expression of APP, PS1, and β-secretase (BACE1) through the RhoA/ROCK/Erk signaling pathway but also reduces Aβo neurotoxicity by decreasing the expressions of apoptosis-related p53 target genes.

Fc effector of anti-Aβ antibody induces synapse loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model.

Passive immunotherapy is one of the most promising interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, almost all immune-modulating strategies fail in clinical trials with unclear causes although they attenuate neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD animal models. Here, we showed that Aβ-targeting antibodies including their lgG1 and lgG4 subtypes induced microglial engulfment of neuronal synapses by activating CR3 or FcγRIIb via the complex of Aβ, antibody, and complement.

[Exercise regulates lipid metabolism via lipophagy and its molecular mechanisms].

Lipophagy is a kind of selective autophagy, which can selectively identify and degrade lipid droplets and plays an important role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism and maintaining intracellular lipid homeostasis. Exercise can induce lipophagy and it is also an effective means of reducing body fat. In this review, we summarized the relationship between exercise and lipophagy in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and the possible molecular mechanisms to provide a new clue for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver, obesity and other related metabolic diseases by exercise.

[Pollution Characteristic and Control Factor Analysis of Atmospheric Ozone During Summer Typical Periods in Linyi, Shandong].

In June 2020, an observation experiment of O and its precursors was carried out in Linyi City, Shandong Province. Based on the observation data and MCM photochemical model simulation, the formation mechanism and control mechanism of an ozone pollution case in mid-June were analyzed. The study found that, despite the high precipitation during the observation period, ozone concentrations rapidly accumulated and exceeded the limits once the weather cleared, with the 1-h average and 8-h (O) exceeding the national ambient air quality standards on 10 days (32% in frequency)and 14 days (45%), respectively.

Rutin prevents tau pathology and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Tau pathology is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. During disease progression, abnormally phosphorylated forms of tau aggregate and accumulate into neurofibrillary tangles, leading to synapse loss, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thus, targeting of tau pathology is expected to be a promising strategy for AD treatment.

MYC-regulated lncRNA NEAT1 promotes B cell proliferation and lymphomagenesis via the miR-34b-5p-GLI1 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: LncRNA NEAT1 has been identified as a tumour driver in many human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of lncRNA NEAT1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression is unclear.

Methods: The expression levels of NEAT1, GLI1 and miR-34b-5p were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting in DLBCL tissues and cell lines.

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of cobalt-vanadium based nanocomposites as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting.

Designing low-cost and high-active bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting has attracted increasing research interest. Herein, the brilliant overall water splitting performance of cobalt-vanadium bimetal-based nanocomposites is explored. Co-V based nanocomposites are synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method, in which the cobalt species is introduced into the lepidocrocite VOOH and further cobalt vanadium oxide is formed.

Electric pulse stimulation inhibited lipid accumulation on C2C12 myotubes incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) on lipid accumulation and alteration of fatty acid-related enzymes in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids.

Methods: Mouse C2C12 myotubes were incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid, and differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with EPS, oil-red O (ORO), BODIPY staining and triglyceride (TG) content were examined. Total RNA was isolated, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibits lipid accumulation in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids.

To investigate (1) the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) on lipid accumulation and the alteration of fatty acids and fatty acid-related enzymes in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids and (2) the regulatory effect of VEGFB on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism. Mouse C2C12 myotubes were incubated with oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA), and differentiated mature C2C12 myotubes were treated with VEGFB. Oil-red O staining, BODIPY staining and cell triglycerides (TG) content were examined.

Self-Interconnected Porous Networks of NiCo Disulfide as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

Electrochemical splitting of water has been viewed as a highly efficient technique to produce clean hydrogen and oxygen energy. However, designing inexpensive multifunctional electrocatalysts with high performance is a great challenge. Here, a unique three-dimensional catalyst of self-interconnected porous Ni-Co disulfide networks grown on carbon cloth [(NiCo)S nanowires (NWs)/CC] was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method coupled with further low-temperature sulfuration strategy.

Layered Aggregation with Steric Effect: Morphology-Homogeneous Semiconductor MoS as an Alternative 2D Probe for Visual Immunoassay.

Liquid-phase exfoliation routes unavoidably generate 2D nanostructures with inhomogeneous morphologies. Herein, thickness-dependent sorting of exfoliated nanostructures is achieved via a treatment of differential-zone centrifugation in the surfactant aqueous phase. With this approach, homogeneous MoS nanosheets are obtained, and due to the intrinsic semiconducting characteristics, those 2D nanosheets are endowed with desired optical properties, rivaling classic gold nanoparticles in sensing applications.

Fabrication of Pt/Cu(PO) ultrathin nanosheet heterostructure for photoelectrochemical microRNA sensing using novel G-wire-enhanced strategy.

Herein, we focus on preparing a highly efficient photocatalytic material to construct a signal-on photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform in view of the rigorous demand of accurate miRNA quantification. The well-dispersed Pt nanoclusters-coated copper phosphate ultrathin nanosheets (PtNCs/Cu(PO)NSs) were first successfully synthesized as a photoelectrode material. Because of the ultrathin two-dimensional lamellar structure of Cu(PO)NSs with a 1.

[The characteristics of frequency distribution of KIR2DL1 alleles polymorphism and recognition HLA-C ligand in the Chinese Han population].

Objective: To find out the distributed characteristics of KIR2DL1 alleles frequencies and the recognition HLA-C ligand in the Chinese Han population.

Methods: The 111 patients and 116 donors from CMDP were performed the KIR2DL1 high-resolution typing and KIR genotyping using sequence-based testing (SBT) and PCR-SSP methods.

Results: A total of 224 individuals with KIR2DL1 locus was predominantly observed and accounted for 98.