[Impacts of shading on seedling growth and mineral accumulation in ].

Shading is one of the important strategies to protect seedlings of The effects of shading treatments on seedling growth and mineral accumulation of Duolun were investigated in a greenhouse experiment to provide guidance for cultivation. One week after emergence, seedlings were treated with 20%, 40%, 60% or 80% shading for two months, with no-shading as the control (CK). The results showed that shading treatments significantly increased plant height by 19.

Dynamic video encryption algorithm for H.264/AVC based on a spatiotemporal chaos system.

Video encryption schemes mostly employ the selective encryption method to encrypt parts of important and sensitive video information, aiming to ensure the real-time performance and encryption efficiency. The classic block cipher is not applicable to video encryption due to the high computational overhead. In this paper, we propose the encryption selection control module to encrypt video syntax elements dynamically which is controlled by the chaotic pseudorandom sequence.

Exogenous N addition enhances the responses of gross primary productivity to individual precipitation events in a temperate grassland.

Predicted future shifts in the magnitude and frequency (larger but fewer) of precipitation events and enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition may interact to affect grassland productivity, but the effects of N enrichment on the productivity response to individual precipitation events remain unclear. In this study, we quantified the effects of N addition on the response patterns of gross primary productivity (GPP) to individual precipitation events of different sizes (Psize) in a temperate grassland in China. The results showed that N enrichment significantly increased the time-integrated amount of GPP in response to an individual precipitation event (GPPtotal), and the N-induced stimulation of GPP increased with increasing Psize.

Methane emissions from the trunks of living trees on upland soils.

Upland forests are traditionally thought to be net sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4 ). In such forests, in situ CH4 fluxes on tree trunks have been neglected relative to soil and canopy fluxes. We measured in situ CH4 fluxes from the trunks of living trees and other surfaces, such as twigs and soils, using a static closed-chamber method, and estimated the CH4 budget in a temperate upland forest in Beijing.

[Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the aboveground biomass in Inner Mongo- lia temperate steppe, China].

The plants in arid environment are constrained not only by water availability, but also by soil nutrient conditions. In order to clarify to what extent nutrient addition would facilitate the growth of plants in semi-arid region, we conducted a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment in Inner Mongolia temperate grassland in 2012 and 2013. In our experiment, N was added at 10 and 40 g N · m(-2) · a(-1) alone or in combination with P addition (10 g P · m(-2) · a(-1)).

[Effects of cutting on the dominant and subdominant plant species in a Stipa krylovii steppe of Inner Mongolia].

Based on the long-term cutting experiment, this paper analyzed the responses of the aboveground biomass of five dominant and subdominant plant species and the community stability in a Stipa krylovii steppe of Inner Mongolia to various cutting height. Cutting with a stubble height of > 10 cm had slight effects on the aboveground biomass of the five species. Cutting with a stubble height of 10 cm benefited the growth of Artemisia frigida but made against the growth of Stipa krylovii.

Phenylacetic acid catabolism and its transcriptional regulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The industrially important organism Corynebacterium glutamicum has been characterized in recent years for its robust ability to assimilate aromatic compounds. In this study, C. glutamicum strain AS 1.

Aerobic and anaerobic nonmicrobial methane emissions from plant material.

Methane (CH(4)) may be generated via microbial and nonmicrobial mechanisms. Nonmicrobial CH(4) is also ubiquitous in nature, such as in biomass burning, the Earth's crust, plants, and animals. Relative to microbial CH(4), nonmicrobial CH(4) is less understood.

Water supply changes N and P conservation in a perennial grass Leymus chinensis.

Changes in precipitation can influence soil water and nutrient availability, and thus affect plant nutrient conservation strategies. Better understanding of how nutrient conservation changes with variations in water availability is crucial for predicting the potential influence of global climate change on plant nutrient-use strategy. Here, green-leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, N- and P-resorption proficiency (the terminal N and P concentration in senescent leaves, NRP and PRP, respectively), and N- and P-resorption efficiency (the proportional N and P withdrawn from senescent leaves prior to abscission, NRE and PRE, respectively) of Leymus chinensis (Trin.

[Risk assessment of pig manure Cu-contamination of black soil in northeast China].

Copper (Cu) is massively used as feed additives in intensive farms, and the discharge and utilization of livestock wastes may cause certain environmental problems. In this paper, a cultivated black soil in Northeast China was sampled, and added with pig manures that contained different concentration of Cu to simulate the vegetable soil under different years of pig manure fertilization. With this soil, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil Cu accumulation via the application of the pig manures on the aboveground biomass and its Cu concentration of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.

[Progression of foundational and clinical studies on use of arsenic trioxide in treatment of lymphoma--review].

Arsenic trioxide has been used to treat lymphoma experimentally since it was used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia successfully. Massive works in this field have been done throughout the world. It was found that arsenic trioxide exerted an anti-lymphomatic effect via many pathways, and many substances could increase or reduce this effect.

Nitric oxide is involved in nitrate-induced inhibition of root elongation in Zea mays.

Background And Aims: Root growth and development are closely dependent upon nitrate supply in the growth medium. To unravel the mechanism underlying dependence of root growth on nitrate, an examination was made of whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is involved in nitrate-dependent growth of primary roots in maize.

Methods: Maize seedlings grown in varying concentrations of nitrate for 7 d were used to evaluate the effects on root elongation of a nitric oxide (NO) donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), a NO scavenger (methylene blue, MB), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, L-NNA), H(2)O(2), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a nitric reducatse inhibitor (tungstate).

Aluminum-induced ethylene production is associated with inhibition of root elongation in Lotus japonicus L.

Inhibition of root elongation by toxic aluminum (Al(3+)) occurs rapidly and is one of the most distinct and earliest symptoms of Al toxicity. To elucidate mechanism underlying Al(3+)-induced inhibition of root elongation, we investigated the involvement of ethylene in Al(3+)-induced inhibition of root elongation using the legume model plants Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. Root elongation of L.

Effects of grassland conversion to croplands on soil organic carbon in the temperate Inner Mongolia.

This study investigated the effects of grassland conversion to croplands on soil organic carbon (SOC) in a typical grassland-dominated basin of the Inner Mongolia using direct field samplings. The results indicated that SOC contents decreased usually with increasing soil depth, with significant differences between the upper horizons (0-30cm) and the underlying horizons (30-100cm). Also, SOC densities decreased with an increase in the depth of soils.

Nitrogen response efficiency increased monotonically with decreasing soil resource availability: a case study from a semiarid grassland in northern China.

The concept of nutrient use efficiency is central to understanding ecosystem functioning because it is the step in which plants can influence the return of nutrients to the soil pool and the quality of the litter. Theory suggests that nutrient efficiency increases unimodally with declining soil resources, but this has not been tested empirically for N and water in grassland ecosystems, where plant growth in these ecosystems is generally thought to be limited by soil N and moisture. In this paper, we tested the N uptake and the N use efficiency (NUE) of two Stipa species (S.