A multicenter retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological characteristics of 1188 cases of actinic keratosis in different ultraviolet radiation intensity areas of China.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous disease, caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV).

Objective: To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of AK in four areas with different ultraviolet radiation intensities.

Methods: 1188 diagnosed AK patients, from January 2000 to July 2015, in dermatology department of four hospitals were collected.

Effect of hyperglycemia on microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Hyperglycemia has been shown to aggravate ischemic brain damage, in which the inflammatory reaction induced by hyperglycemia is involved in the worsening of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the role of microglial polarization in hyperglycemia-aggravating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unknown. The present study investigated whether diabetic hyperglycemia inhibited or activated microglia, as well as microglial subtypes 1 and 2.

Region-specific changes in aquaporin 4 induced by hyperglycemia underlie the differences in cell swelling in the cortex and striatum after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Brain edema is a major cause of death in patients who suffer an ischemic stroke. Diabetes has been shown to aggravate brain edema after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, but few studies have focused on the heterogeneity of this response across different brain regions. Aquaporin 4 plays an important role in the formation and regression of brain edema.