Structural characterization and fermentation of a novel Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide with hypoglycemic effects.

Moringa oleifera leaf-derived natural products offer diverse health benefits in metabolic disorders. However, the structural attributes of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharides, their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion, and their influence on gut microbiota and hypoglycemic activity remain insufficiently understood.

Polysaccharide from L. Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice by Activating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK Signaling Pathways and Regulating the Gut Microbiota.

Developing effective therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a critical global health priority. This study explored the novel antidiabetic potential of MCPS-3, a polysaccharide derived from L., and its underlying mechanisms in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2DM mouse model.

Extraction optimization, purification, characterization, and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharide from pumpkin.

Polysaccharides derived from pumpkin have garnered increasing interest due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, pumpkin polysaccharides were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method, optimized via response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as follows: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:60 (g/mL), an extraction time of 1.

Impact of co-fermentation of and on the metabolic characteristics of the flavor compounds in mulberry wine.

This study investigated the metabolic characteristics of mulberry wine produced by co-fermentation with (SC) and two different (PK). Although inhibited the growth of during co-fermentation, showed robust growth adaptability. Classical oenological parameters were not significantly altered by co-fermentation compared to pure-fermentation.

Structural Characterization and In Vitro Fermentation Properties of Polysaccharides from Dragon Fruit ().

Dragon fruit offers numerous health benefits and is widely consumed. However, research on its polysaccharides, crucial constituents of the fruit, remains limited. The study aimed to characterize the structural and biological properties of SDFP-2, a polysaccharide isolated from dragon fruit.

Brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging alterations in individuals with convergence insufficiency.

Purpose: Individuals with convergence insufficiency (CI) encounter challenges in turning their eyes inward during near work. It is unclear how this relates to brain structural and functional alterations. This study aimed to explore the neural mechanism underlying CI using multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

A Novel Polysaccharide From Tremella fuciformis Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Promoting AMPK/PINK1/PRKN-Mediated Mitophagy in Mice.

Scope: Polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis have gained significant interest due to their diverse biological activities. This study focuses on characterizing a purified polysaccharide, TPSP2, extracted from T. fuciformis and evaluating its antiobesity effect and underlying mechanisms in vivo.

Pectin: Structural Characteristics, ADME Profiles, and Their Interrelationship.

Pectin, a plant-derived polysaccharide, is highly valued for its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties, with extensive applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of pectin's structure, categorized by its degree of methyl esterification (DM) and key components, including homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I and RG-II). The influence of diverse extraction methods, such as subcritical water and microwave-assisted techniques, on its structure and functionality is critically examined.

Pickering high internal phase emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate/κ-carrageenan complex for enhanced stability, bioavailability, and absorption mechanisms of nobiletin.

Nobiletin (NOB), a lipid-soluble polymethoxyflavone with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, suffers from poor stability and pH sensitivity, limiting its bioavailability. In this study, Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by soy protein isolate (SPI) and κ-carrageenan (KC) were developed to encapsulate and protect NOB. The emulsions, containing a 75 % medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) volume fraction, were optimized by investigating the effects of pH and KC concentration on the key properties such as the creaming index, particle size, zeta potential, microstructure, and rheology.

Targeting protein kinase C-α prolongs survival and restores liver function in sepsis: Evidence from preclinical models.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ failure resulting from a poorly regulated infection response. Organ dysfunction includes hepatic involvement, weakening the immune system due to excretory liver failure, and metabolic dysfunction, increasing the death risk. Although experimental studies correlated excretory liver functionality with immune performance and survival rates in sepsis, the proteins and pathways involved remain unclear.

Effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the hypoglycaemic capacity of wheat bran-soluble dietary fibre.

Wheat bran-soluble dietary fibre (WB-SDF) is known for its hypoglycaemic properties and its potential to control postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with hyperglycaemia. However, the digestive process may alter its glucose-lowering potential. This study investigated the effects of in vitro simulated digestion on the hypoglycaemic efficacy of WB-SDF.

Targeting the gut-skin axis by food-derived active peptides ameliorates skin photoaging: a comprehensive review.

Food-derived active peptides (FDAPs) are a class of peptides that exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and other effects. In recent years, active peptides from natural foods have been reported to improve skin photoaging, but their mechanisms have not been summarized to date. In this review, we focused on the preparation of FDAPs, their mechanisms of photoaging, and their function against photoaging through the gastrointestinal barrier.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction, purification, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activities of a polysaccharide from Momordica charantia L.

Polysaccharides from Momordica charantia L. (MCP) have attracted interest for their diverse biological activities. This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction of MCP, optimizing conditions using response surface methodology.

Kushen Gel combined with antifungal drugs for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) represents the most prevalent form of candidal infections, imposing a significant societal burden. Kushen gel, a chinese patent medicine, has demonstrated favorable outcomes in the treatment of VVC. In clinical practice, Kushen gel is often used in conjunction with antifungal drugs.

Catheter-related Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis in Neonates and Long-term Consequences: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The incidence of central venous catheter-related thrombosis and the long-term effects of thrombosis on catheterized veins in neonates are unknown. The authors therefore determined the incidence of central venous thrombosis, identified associated risk factors, and evaluated outcomes at 6 months.

Methods: The study enrolled neonates aged less than 28 days scheduled for major intestinal or cardiac surgery who were expected to require central venous catheters for at least 48 h.

Nanotechnology based gas delivery system: a "green" strategy for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Gas therapy, a burgeoning clinical treatment modality, has garnered widespread attention to treat a variety of pathologies in recent years. The advent of nanoscale gas drug therapy represents a novel therapeutic strategy, particularly demonstrating immense potential in the realm of oncology. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of gases endowed with anti-cancer properties, including hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), oxygen (O), sulfur dioxide (SO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), ozone (O), and heavier gases.

Innovative Applications of Pectin in Lipid Management: Mechanisms, Modifications, Synergies, Nanocarrier Systems, and Safety Considerations.

Pectin, a natural polysaccharide predominantly sourced from the cell walls of terrestrial plants, is widely regarded for its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties, which have extensive applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries. This review discusses the mechanistic pathways by which pectin mediates its lipid-lowering properties, such as pectin's antioxidant activity, the modulation of gut microbiota, its anti-inflammatory properties, its capacity to bind bile acids and cholesterol, and its impact on the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism. To enhance its hypolipidemic properties, chemical, physical, and enzymatic modification techniques are explored.

The biological impact of deuterium and therapeutic potential of deuterium-depleted water.

Since its discovery by Harold Urey in 1932, deuterium has attracted increased amounts of attention from the scientific community, with many previous works aimed to uncover its biological effects on living organisms. Existing studies indicate that deuterium, as a relatively rare isotope, is indispensable for maintaining normal cellular function, while its enrichment and depletion can affect living systems at multiple levels, including but not limited to molecules, organelles, cells, organs, and organisms. As an important compound of deuterium, deuterium-depleted water (DDW) possess various special effects, including but not limited to altering cellular metabolism and potentially inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, demonstrating anxiolytic-like behavior, enhancing long-term memory in rats, reducing free radical oxidation, regulating lipid metabolism, harmonizing indices related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and alleviating toxic effects caused by cadmium, manganese, and other harmful substances, implying its tremendous potential in anticancer, neuroprotective, antiaging, antioxidant, obesity alleviation, diabetes and metabolic syndrome treatment, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification, thereby drawing extensive attention from researchers.

Anti-osteoporosis effect of bioactives in edible medicinal plants: a comprehensive review.

Current treatments for osteoporosis include a calcium-rich diet, adequate exercise, and medication. Many synthetic drugs, although fast-acting, can cause a range of side effects for patients when taken over a long period, such as irritation of the digestive tract and a burden on the kidneys. As the world's population ages, the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing, and the development of safe and effective treatments is urgently needed.

Effect of Individualized Ocular Refraction Customization Spectacle Lens Wear on Visual Performance in Myopic Chinese Children.

Purpose: Individualized ocular refraction customization (IORC) lenses can be individually adjusted depending on the initial relative peripheral refraction to determine the myopic defocus (MD). We aimed to compare visual performance of children wearing IORC lenses with different amounts of MD to determine whether higher MD resulted in greater visual compromise.

Methods: This study included 184 myopic children aged eight to 12 years, and 172 completed the trial.

Current research progress, opportunities, and challenges of -based probiotic dietary strategies.

(), a type of spp., stands out as the most extensively researched probiotic. Its remarkable intestinal adhesion has led to widespread applications in both the food and medical sectors.