STAT1-Deficient HPV E6/E7-Associated Cancers Maintain Host Immunocompetency against Therapeutic Intervention.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a global health concern because it contributes to the initiation of various HPV-associated cancers such as anal, cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. In HPV-associated cancers, oncogenesis begins with an HPV infection, which is linked to the activation of the Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. Various STAT signaling pathways, such as STAT3 activation, have been well documented for their tumorigenic role, yet the role of STAT1 in tumor formation remains unclear.

Abnormal p53 expression is associated with poor outcomes in grade I or II, stage I, endometrioid carcinoma: a retrospective single-institute study.

Objective: The Cancer Genome Atlas study revealed an association between copy-number high (p53 abnormal) genetic mutation and poor prognosis in endometrial cancer in 2013. This retrospective study investigated outcomes in patients with abnormal p53 expression and stage I, low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC).

Methods: We enrolled women with stage I, grade 1 or 2 EEC who received comprehensive staging and adjuvant therapy between January 2019 and December 2022 at MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

FLT3L-induced virtual memory CD8 T cells engage the immune system against tumors.

Background: Previous research in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligands (FLT3L) has primarily focused on their potential to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow progenitors, with a limited understanding of how these cells affect CD8 T cell function. In this study, we further investigated the in vivo role of FLT3L for the immunomodulatory capabilities of CD8 T cells.

Methods: Albumin-conjugated FLT3L (Alb-FLT3L) was generated and applied for translational medicine purposes; here it was used to treat naïve C57BL/6 and OT1 mice for CD8 T cell response analysis.

Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sub-populations within host interrogated by whole genome sequencing and metagenomics.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever and, in some cases, chronic carriage after resolution of acute disease. This study examined sequential isolates of S.

Albumin and interferon-β fusion protein serves as an effective vaccine adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.

Background: Type I interferons (IFN) promote dendritic cells maturation and subsequently enhance generation of antigen-specific CD8 +T cell for the control of tumor. Using type I interferons as an adjuvant to vaccination could prove to be a potent strategy. However, type I interferons have a short half-life.

Determinants of Newly-Diagnosed Raised Blood Pressure: The Malaysian Context.

Background: Raised blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HPT), has been a distressing health concern among Malaysians. An upward trend is found on the prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT, contributing to the high number of overall hypertensive patients in Malaysia. To understand the cause and reduce the economic burden caused by HPT, current research aims to examine the dependency among sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of newly-diagnosed HPT among Malaysians.

The utility of SARS-CoV-2-specific serology in COVID-19 diagnosis.

Introduction: In May 2020, The Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA) case definition introduced serological criteria to support the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present findings that support the utility of SARS-CoV-2-specific serology for public health investigations.

Methods: From 24 January to 31 July 2020, the following information was collected from individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2-specific immunofluorescence antibody tests: history of contact with COVID-19 cases; recent travel; symptoms consistent with COVID-19; and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing (NAT) results.

Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes.

, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used for several therapeutic purposes as it contains numerous pharmacological active compounds. Our study reported an anti-parasitic activity of seed extract against . The stress induced by the extract on the surviving trophozoites for encystation and vacuolization was examined by microscopy, and transcriptional expression of autophagy-related genes was investigated by quantitative PCR.

Prolactin Assay Interference by Macroprolactin.

Background: Macroprolactinemia is a common presentation especially in gynecology and fertility clinics. However, with this clinical condition, there is a potential for misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations/treatments due to lack of awareness of its prevalence and diagnostic approaches amongst trainees and physicians.

Methods: In this paper, we discuss the causes of hyperprolactinemia, its pathobiology, and an approach to macro-prolactinemia including relevant clinical chemistry methods and their limitations through the case of a 45-year-old female with a history of irregular menstrual cycles, who was seen in the endocrine clinic.

Massive metastasis of breast cancer to female genital organs.

Objective: Breast cancer metastasis to the female genital tract is rare, and the ovaries are the most frequent site of extragenital cancer metastasis. The uterus and cervix have been rarely reported as the site of metastasis.

Case Report: A 57-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma of the left breast 2 years prior was undergoing tamoxifen treatment.

Greater fuel efficiency is potentially preferable to reducing NO emissions for aviation's climate impacts.

Aviation emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) alter the composition of the atmosphere, perturbing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane, resulting in positive and negative radiative forcing effects, respectively. In 1981, the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted a first certification standard for the regulation of aircraft engine NO emissions with subsequent increases in stringency in 1992, 1998, 2004 and 2010 to offset the growth of the environmental impact of air transport, the main motivation being to improve local air quality with the assumed co-benefit of reducing NO emissions at altitude and therefore their climate impacts. Increased stringency is an ongoing topic of discussion and more stringent standards are usually associated with their beneficial environmental impact.

Outcomes in Advanced Stage Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tubal, and Peritoneal Cancer after Primary Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapies: A Single-Institute Real-World Experience.

Debulking surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy-including three-weekly intravenous paclitaxel and carboplatin (GOG-158)-is the cornerstone for advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tubal, and peritoneal cancer (EOC) treatment. In this scenario, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, cell types, completeness of surgery, lymph nodes (LN) status, adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, survival status, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of 192 patients diagnosed as having stage IIIA1-IVB EOC over January 2008-December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Of them, 100 (52.

Exposure to Tobacco, Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine in Pregnancy: A Pragmatic Overview of Reviews of Maternal and Child Outcomes, Effectiveness of Interventions and Barriers and Facilitators to Quitting.

The aim of this review of reviews was to collate the latest evidence from systematic reviews about the maternal and child health outcomes of being exposed to tobacco and nicotine during pregnancy; the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce these exposures, and barriers to and facilitators of smoking cessation during pregnancy. Two databases were searched to obtain systematic reviews published from 2010 to 2019. Pertinent data from 76 articles were summarized using a narrative synthesis (PROSPERO reference: CRD42018085896).

Improving health providers smoking cessation care in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Health providers are lacking in their provision of smoking cessation care during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to systematically review all available global studies on the effectiveness of interventions in improving health providers' provision of smoking cessation care during pregnancy.

Methods: Five databases were searched, Inclusion criteria included all intervention study types.

Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious and lifelong condition commonly characterised by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to a failure in insulin production or a decrease in insulin sensitivity and function. Over the years, prevalence of diabetes has increased globally and it is classified as one of the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rate. Furthermore, diabetes confers a huge economic burden due to its management costs as well as its complications are skyrocketing.

Clinical significance of c-Met and phospho-c-Met (Tyr1234/1235) in ovarian cancer.

Objective: c-Met is expressed in human ovarian cancer tissues, and its phosphorylation activates signaling cascades that might affect the behavior of cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the association of c-Met and phosphorylated c-Met (phospho-c-Met) expressions with the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Archived tissue from surgical specimens of 269 ovarian cancer patients who underwent a debulking operation in MacKay Memorial Hospital between 2004 and 2012 were collected.

Trading off Aircraft Fuel Burn and NO Emissions for Optimal Climate Policy.

Aviation emits pollutants that affect the climate, including CO and NO , NO indirectly so, through the formation of tropospheric ozone and reduction of ambient methane. To improve the fuel performance of engines, combustor temperatures and pressures often increase, increasing NO emissions. Conversely, combustor modifications to reduce NO may increase CO.

Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation during pregnancy.

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is recommended in current Australian clinical guidelines for pregnant women who are unable to quit smoking unassisted. Clinicians report low levels of prescribing NRT during pregnancy, due to safety concerns and low levels of confidence in their ability to prescribe NRT. Animal models show that nicotine is harmful to the fetus, especially for brain and lung development, but human studies have not found any harmful effects on fetal and pregnancy outcomes.

Prevention and Treatment of Smoking and Tobacco Use During Pregnancy in Selected Indigenous Communities in High-Income Countries of the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand: An Evidence-Based Review.

Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is the most important modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term health complications for mother and baby. Tobacco use during pregnancy has decreased in high-income countries but not in Indigenous women in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. This evidence-based review focuses on tobacco use among Indigenous pregnant women in high-income countries that share a history of European colonization.

Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine.

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials.