Impact of waterpipe smoking on the salivary microbiome.

Background: While oral mirobial dysbiosis due to tobacco smoking has been studied thoroughly, there is limited data on the effect of waterpipe smoking on the oral microbiome. This study aims to compare the salivary microbiome between waterpipe smokers and non-smokers.

Materials And Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 60 participants, 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers in Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley, Malaysia.