Adolescent-Reported Changes in Provider Behavior Following Pediatrician Training in Stimulant Diversion Prevention: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To test whether pediatrician training leads to provider utilization of stimulant diversion prevention strategies as reported by adolescent patients with ADHD.

Methods: Pediatric practices received a stimulant diversion prevention workshop (SDP) or continued treatment-as-usual (TAU) in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Surveys were completed by 341 stimulant-treated patients at baseline and three follow-up assessments.

Exploring the principles of embryonic mammary gland branching morphogenesis.

Branching morphogenesis is a characteristic feature of many essential organs, such as the lung and kidney, and most glands, and is the net result of two tissue behaviors: branch point initiation and elongation. Each branched organ has a distinct architecture customized to its physiological function, but how patterning occurs in these ramified tubular structures is a fundamental problem of development. Here, we use quantitative 3D morphometrics, time-lapse imaging, manipulation of ex vivo cultured mouse embryonic organs and mice deficient in the planar cell polarity component Vangl2 to address this question in the developing mammary gland.

Effectiveness and safety of a novel crosslinked hyaluronate canalicular gel occlusive device for dry eye.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a crosslinked hyaluronate (HA) canalicular filler (Lacrifill Canalicular Gel) compared with a commercially available hydrogel canalicular plug (Form Fit).

Setting: 5 sites in the United States.

Design: Prospective, multicenter, controlled, double-masked, randomized 2:1 (filler:plug).

Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©)-A validated tool for screening and assessing malnutrition in clinical practice and research.

Introduction: The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©) is a validated tool for the screening, assessment and monitoring of malnutrition, and triaging of interventions. It contains a patient-generated component and a healthcare professional (HCP)-generated component.

Aim: To translate the PG-SGA into Swedish, assess the linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version, and ensure conceptional, semantic and operational equivalence to the original English PG-SGA.

ctDNA transiting into urine is ultrashort and facilitates noninvasive liquid biopsy of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUNDTransrenal cell-free tumor DNA (TR-ctDNA), which transits from the bloodstream into urine, has the potential to enable noninvasive cancer detection for a wide variety of nonurologic cancer types.MethodsUsing whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that urine TR-ctDNA fragments across multiple cancer types are predominantly ultrashort (<50 bp) and, therefore, likely to be missed by conventional ctDNA assays. We developed an ultrashort droplet digital PCR assay to detect TR-ctDNA originating from HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) and confirmed that assaying ultrashort DNA is critical for sensitive cancer detection from urine samples.

Mesenchyme instructs growth while epithelium directs branching in the mouse mammary gland.

The mammary gland is a unique organ that undergoes dynamic alterations throughout a female's reproductive life, making it an ideal model for developmental, stem cell and cancer biology research. Mammary gland development begins in utero and proceeds via a quiescent bud stage before the initial outgrowth and subsequent branching morphogenesis. How mammary epithelial cells transit from quiescence to an actively proliferating and branching tissue during embryogenesis and, importantly, how the branch pattern is determined remain largely unknown.

Efficacy and Safety of CSF-1 (0.4% Pilocarpine Hydrochloride) in Presbyopia: Pooled Results of the NEAR Phase 3 Randomized, Clinical Trials.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CSF-1 (0.4% pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) for use in individuals with presbyopia.

Methods: Two Phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group clinical trials were conducted in 35 private ophthalmology clinics in the United States from October 2020 to February 2022.

The impact of cognitive biases, mental models, and mindsets on leadership and change in the health system.

Understanding how cognitive biases, mental models, and mindsets impact leadership in health systems is essential. This article supports the notion of cognitive biases as flawed thinking or cognitive traps which negatively influence leadership. Mental models that do not fit with current evidence limit our ability to comprehend and respond to system issues.

0.2% Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked Study to Compare Its Ocular Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy to Vehicle in Cataract Surgery Subjects.

Purpose: To compare the preservative-free corticosteroid 0.2% betamethasone sodium phosphate BID (SURF-201) to vehicle BID in patients undergoing routine cataract surgery.

Methods: Phase 2, multicenter, randomized (1:1 ratio), double-masked, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study in patients scheduled for uncomplicated cataract surgery without the aid of a femtosecond laser.

Clinical diagnosis and management of Demodex blepharitis: the Demodex Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH).

Background: Twelve ocular surface disease experts convened to achieve consensus about Demodex blepharitis (DB) using a modified Delphi panel process.

Methods: Online surveys were administered using scaled, open-ended, true/false, and multiple-choice questions. Consensus for questions using a 1 to 9 Likert scale was predefined as median scores of 7-9 and 1-3.

Delphi Panel Consensus Regarding Current Clinical Practice Management Options for .

Purpose: To obtain consensus on blepharitis (DB) treatment using a modified Delphi panel process.

Methods: Literature search identified gaps in knowledge surrounding treatment of DB. Twelve ocular surface disease experts comprised the Expert Panel on Treatment and Eyelid Health (DEPTH).

Phase 2, Randomized, Open-Label Parallel-Group Study of Two Dosing Regimens of Netarsudil for the Treatment of Corneal Edema Due to Fuchs Corneal Dystrophy.

This phase 2 study evaluated the therapeutic potential of netarsudil to reduce corneal edema and to improve vision in patients with Fuchs corneal dystrophy (FCD). Patients ( = 40) with baseline central corneal thickness (CCT) of ≥600 μm and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 70-20 letters (20/40-20/400 Snellen equivalent) were randomized 1:1 to receive netarsudil once a day (QD) or twice a day (BID) for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was mean CCT change from baseline at week 4.

Energy Dose-Response in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Review.

Prcis: A literature review of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) energy dose-response found no definitive relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with respect to total or pulse energy, race, pigmentation, or application pattern.

Purpose: SLT is a safe and effective treatment for lowering IOP. Although evidence is mounting for the advantage of its use as a first-line treatment for IOP reduction, the SLT procedures in use vary widely.

Lack of Representation in Psychiatric Research: A Data-Driven Example From Scientific Articles Published in 2019 and 2020 in the .

Objective: The authors examined representation and accuracy of descriptions of sociodemographic identities in psychiatric research through quantifying data contained in recently published articles from a high-impact psychiatry journal.

Methods: Sociodemographic data were aggregated from articles (i.e.

Protocol for Studying Embryonic Mammary Gland Branching Morphogenesis Ex Vivo.

Mammary gland development starts during embryogenesis, and the process continues after birth. During development, the mammary gland undergoes massive morphological and physiological alterations including growth, invasion, and branching morphogenesis providing an ideal model for stem cell and cancer biology studies. Great efforts have been made in understanding mammary gland development during puberty and adulthood; however, the process during embryogenesis is still elusive.

Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty in open angle glaucoma study design: a multicentre, randomised, controlled, investigator-masked trial (GLAUrious).

Introduction: Laser trabeculoplasty is an effective and widely used treatment for glaucoma. A new laser technology, the Eagle direct selective laser trabeculoplasty (DSLT) device, may provide automated, fast, simple, safe and effective laser treatment for glaucoma in a broader range of clinical settings. This trial aims to test the hypothesis that translimbal DSLT is effective and not inferior to selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Cell influx and contractile actomyosin force drive mammary bud growth and invagination.

The mammary gland develops from the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis and proceeds through morphological phases defined as placode, hillock, bud, and bulb stages followed by branching morphogenesis. During this early morphogenesis, the mammary bud undergoes an invagination process where the thickened bud initially protrudes above the surface epithelium and then transforms to a bulb and sinks into the underlying mesenchyme. The signaling pathways regulating the early morphogenetic steps have been identified to some extent, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain ill defined.

White matter abnormalities associated with ADHD outcomes in adulthood.

It remains unclear if previously reported structural abnormalities in children with ADHD are present in adulthood regardless of clinical outcome. In this study, we examined the extent to which focal-rather than diffuse-abnormalities in fiber collinearity of 18 major white matter tracts could distinguish 126 adults with rigorously diagnosed childhood ADHD (ADHD; mean age [SD] = 34.3 [3.

Novel assessment of the variation in cervical inter-vertebral motor control in a healthy pain-free population.

Spinal control at intervertebral levels is dependent on interactions between the active, passive and neural control elements. However, this has never been quantifiable, and has therefore been outside the reach of clinical assessments and research. This study used fluoroscopy during repeated unconstrained flexion and return neck movements to calculate intersegmental motor control (MC), defined as the difference and variation in repeated continuous angular motion from its average path.