The association between perceived neighborhood safety and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in the U.S. accounting for 1 in 4 deaths each year.

Differences in young adults' perceptions of e-cigarettes by history of use.

The current study examined group differences in college students' views on e-cigarettes in terms of safety, popularity, health risks, social acceptability, efficacy as a cessation aid, and promoting combustible cigarette use. : 337 undergraduates ( = 20.84,  = 3.

Readability of online e-cigarette cessation information.

Introduction: Given the growing awareness of the health risks associated with e-cigarettes, many users will access information about how to effectively quit using e-cigarettes, and the internet likely will be a popular source of information. However, little is known about the readability of online e-cigarette cessation information. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to assess the readability of webpage information about e-cigarette cessation.

Time spent outdoors and sleep normality: A preliminary investigation.

Introduction: Sleep deficiency is associated with health risks, and time outdoors is related to health benefits. This study assessed time outdoors and its association with sleep normality.

Methods: As part of a health study in Louisville, Kentucky, 735 participants completed questionnaires on their health status, behaviors, neighborhoods, and demographics in 2018-2019.

The importance of urban planning: Views of greenness and open space is reversely associated with self-reported views and depressive symptoms.

Introduction: Exposure to green spaces is beneficial to mental health in a variety of ways, ranging from stress reduction to increased attentiveness and elevated self-esteem. The impact of views of greenness, as opposed to direct exposure, has been examined, but the association between self-reported views and depressive symptoms is not known. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between views of greenness and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score.

The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence.

Associations between tobacco use patterns and demographic characteristics of sexual minority and heterosexual youth: Results from a nationwide online survey.

Introduction: Youth are at risk for tobacco use, and previous research has pointed to increased vulnerabilities associated with sexual minority identity. For example, LGB youth have increased odds for using tobacco than their heterosexual peers, and bisexual youth have higher odds of smoking than other sexual identity groups. As new tobacco products proliferate and health risks from dual/poly use grow, increased understanding of tobacco use patterns by sexual minority youth is needed.

Sociodemographic differences in single, dual, and poly tobacco use among Appalachian youth.

Introduction: Patterns of youth tobacco use, including use of multiple products, have likely shifted as e-cigarettes have grown in popularity. However, there is limited understanding of dual and poly tobacco use and the associated disparities, especially among Appalachian youth.

Methods: We analyzed Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study data (n=1116) to estimate prevalence of current (past-30 day) cigarette, e-cigarette, and smokeless tobacco use by gender, race/ethnicity, age, school type, state, smartphone use, and number of household tobacco users.

Cigarette smoking, ENDS use and dual use among a national sample of lesbians, gays and bisexuals.

Introduction: Historically, lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals have higher rates of cigarette smoking, often attributed to targeted tobacco advertising, exposure to stressors, and psychological distress. Elevated use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among LGB individuals has been documented recently. However, the LGB groups are not homogeneous and differences may exist between the use of tobacco by men and women within the LGB groups.

Sexual assault services coverage on Native American land.

Native American women experience higher rates of sexual assault than other women in the United States, yet there is limited information on the accessibility of forensic services for Native American victims of sexual violence. This study used geographic information systems technology to map known sexual assault examiner (SAE) and sexual assault response team (SART) programs in the United States (n = 873) in proximity to 650 census-designated Native American lands. Analysis was repeated for 29 Indian Health Service and tribal-operated facilities that self-identified that they provide sexual assault examinations.

Preventing venous thromboembolism through risk assessment approaches.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Recent guidelines from the Department of Health and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommend mandatory, universal VTE risk assessment for hospitalized patients and the provision of appropriate prevention measures (thromboprophylaxis). Careful selection of a suitable VTE risk assessment approach is required to improve the chance of its successful implementation in hospital.

Effectiveness of two tinidazole regimens in treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness at 21-30 days after treatment of tinidazole administered orally at 1 g once daily for 5 days and 2 g once daily for 2 days, compared with placebo, in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, using rigorous U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-recommended criteria to define cure.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of red blood cells treated with a chemical process (S-303) for pathogen inactivation: a Phase III clinical trial in cardiac surgery patients.

Background: A randomized, double-blind trial is reported of the clinical efficacy of red blood cells (RBCs) treated for pathogen inactivation with S-303, a synthetic labile alkylating agent.

Study Design And Methods: Patients undergoing complex cardiac surgeries were randomly assigned to receive either S-303-treated (test) or conventional (control) RBC transfusion during surgery and for 6 days thereafter. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing the occurrence of a composite primary endpoint of treatment-related morbidity (myocardial infarction and renal failure) and mortality.