Longitudinal Changes in Physical Activity during Pregnancy: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies.

Introduction: Exercise in pregnancy is associated with many perinatal benefits, but patterns of home, work, and commuting activity are not well described. We investigated longitudinal activity in singleton and twin pregnancy by activity domain and maternal characteristics.

Methods: In the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies cohorts, 2778 women with singleton and 169 women with twin gestations reported activity using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire at up to six or seven study visits, respectively.

Factors Associated With Quitting Smoking During Pregnancy Among Women Veterans.

Introduction: Little is known about the rates of smoking among pregnant veterans. Our objective was to examine rates of smoking during pregnancy and factors associated with quitting smoking during pregnancy.

Methods: We used data from a cohort study of pregnant veterans from 15 Veterans Health Administration facilities nationwide.

Physical activity and incidence of subclinical and clinical pregnancy loss: a secondary analysis in the effects of aspirin in gestation and reproduction randomized trial.

Objective: To estimate the association between physical activity and risk of subclinical and clinical pregnancy loss among women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Design: Prospective cohort study as a secondary analysis of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction randomized controlled trial of preconception-initiated low-dose aspirin among women with one or two prior pregnancy losses.

Setting: Four U.

Firefighter protective clothing and self contained breathing apparatus does not alter balance testing using a standard sensory organization test or motor control test in healthy, rested individuals.

Background: There is a high rate of injury associated with firefighting: in 2016, 21% of all fireground injuries were attributed to falls, jumps and slips. Examining factors related to balance, including experience in wearing firefighter gear, may assist in reducing injury related to falls.

Objectives: To assess the effects of wearing firefighter gear on postural balance in firefighters and non-firefighters in a rested condition.

Cold water submersion attenuates post-submersion aerobic performance and orthostatic tolerance irrespective of partial rehydration with water.

Purpose: This study examined the independent effects of cold-water submersion and a rehydration strategy on an aerobic endurance performance and orthostatic tolerance following a four-hour dive in cold water (10°C).

Methods: Nine male subjects completed a control (CON) performance and lower-body negative pressure test (LBNP) and two water immersion visits with either no rehydration (NR) or a post-immersion rehydration (RH) with 1 L of water. Following submersion, subjects ran to exhaustion and submitted to LBNP.

Reporting of Patient Experience Data on Health Systems' Websites and Commercial Physician-Rating Websites: Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Background: Some hospitals' and health systems' websites report physician-level ratings and comments drawn from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems surveys.

Objective: The aim was to examine the prevalence and content of health system websites reporting these data and compare narratives from these sites to narratives from commercial physician-rating sites.

Methods: We identified health system websites active between June 1 and 30, 2016, that posted clinician reviews.

Impact of shift duration on alertness among air-medical emergency care clinician shift workers.

Background: Greater than half of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) shift workers report fatigue at work and most work long duration shifts. We sought to compare the alertness level of EMS shift workers by shift duration.

Methods: We used a multi-site, 14-day prospective observational cohort study design of EMS clinician shift workers at four air-medical EMS organizations.

Physical Activity and Risk of Cesarean Delivery in Hispanic Women.

Background: Rates of cesarean delivery continue to increase among Hispanics, the largest minority group in the United States. Prior studies of the relationship between physical activity and cesarean delivery have been conflicting, limited by questionnaires not validated for pregnancy, and conducted primarily among non-Hispanic whites.

Methods: We evaluated this association among participants (n = 1313) in Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort of Hispanic women conducted from 2006 to 2011.

Effect of rehydration schedule after four-hour head-out water immersion on running performance and recovery.

Introduction: Head-out water immersion (HOWI) results in diuresis, which could potentially limit performance after egress to land. We examined the effect of rehydration on endurance, cardiovascular stability, and overnight recovery following a four-hour thermoneutral HOWI on 12 subjects.

Methods: Twelve males completed a crossover design consisting of no hydration, replacement of fluid loss during immersion (RD), and replacement of fluid after the immersion period (RA).

Real-Time Fatigue Mitigation with Air-Medical Personnel: The SleepTrackTXT2 Randomized Trial.

The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the short-term impact of the SleepTrackTXT2 intervention on air-medical clinician fatigue during work shifts and 2) determine the longer-term impact on sleep quality over 120 days. We used a multi-site randomized controlled trial study design with a targeted enrollment of 100 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02783027).

A prospective study of physical activity and fecundability in women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Study Question: Is physical activity (PA) associated with fecundability in women with a history of prior pregnancy loss?

Summary Answer: Higher fecundability was related to walking among overweight/obese women and to vigorous PA in women overall.

What Is Known Already: PA may influence fecundability through altered endocrine function. Studies evaluating this association have primarily utilized Internet-based recruitment and self-report for pregnancy assessment and have yielded conflicting results.

Fatigue mitigation with SleepTrackTXT2 in air medical emergency care systems: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Most air medical Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians work extended duration shifts, and more than 50% report inadequate sleep, poor sleep quality, and/or poor recovery between shifts. The SleepTrackTXT pilot trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02063737) showed that use of mobile phone text messages could impact EMS clinician self-reported fatigue and sleepiness during long duration shifts.

Firefighter Work Duration Influences the Extent of Acute Kidney Injury.

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that elevations in biomarkers of acute kidney injury are influenced by the magnitude of hyperthermia and dehydration elicited by two common firefighter work durations.

Methods: Twenty-nine healthy adults (10 females) wearing firefighter protective clothing completed two randomized trials where they walked at 4.8 km·h, 5% grade in a 38°C, 50% RH environment.

Physical activity interventions in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy associated with an increased incidence of pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and maternal and fetal risks of chronic health conditions later in life. Physical activity has been proposed to reduce the risk of GDM and is supported by observational studies, but experimental research assessing its effectiveness is limited and conflicting. We aimed to use meta-analysis to synthesize existing randomized controlled studies of physical activity and GDM.