Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Mitochondria Dysfunction in Nonobese Girls With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Objective: Obese girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have decreased insulin sensitivity (IS), muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and increased liver fat, which may contribute to their increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Less is known regarding normal-weight girls with PCOS.

Methods: Normal-weight girls with PCOS [n =18, age 15.

Alternate glycemic markers reflect glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring in youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether the alternate glycemic markers, fructosamine (FA), glycated albumin (GA), and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG), predict glycemic variability captured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in obese youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Study Design: Youth with BMI ≥85th%ile, 10-18 years, had collection of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), FA, GA, and 1,5AG and 72 hours of CGM. Participants with HbA1c ≥5.

Hepatic Steatosis is Common in Adolescents with Obesity and PCOS and Relates to De Novo Lipogenesis but not Insulin Resistance.

Objective: Increased liver fat and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and cause excess mortality, yet little is known about their development during adolescence. The objective of this study was to measure hepatic steatosis and related metabolic contributors in girls with obesity, with and without PCOS.

Methods: Nondiabetic adolescents with obesity, 41 with PCOS (PCOS; age 15.

Peripheral insulin resistance in obese girls with hyperandrogenism is related to oxidative phosphorylation and elevated serum free fatty acids.

Hyperandrogenic syndrome (HAS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Muscle IR in type 2 diabetes is linked with defects in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In vivo muscle mitochondrial function has not been studied in HAS, especially in youth, who are early in the disease process.

Screening for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in obese youth: evaluating alternate markers of glycemia - 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, and glycated albumin.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is increasingly performed over the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as the initial screening test for type 2 diabetes in youth. However, the optimal strategy for identifying type 2 diabetes in youth remains controversial. Alternate glycemic markers have been proposed as potentially useful tools for diabetes screening.

Continuous glucose monitoring and its relationship to hemoglobin A1c and oral glucose tolerance testing in obese and prediabetic youth.

Context: The optimal screening test for diabetes and prediabetes in obese youth is controversial.

Objective: We examined whether glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a better predictor of free-living glycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Design: This was a cross-sectional study of youth 10-18 years old, body mass index (BMI) 85th percentile or greater, with diabetes risk factors.

Hemoglobin A1c assay variations and implications for diabetes screening in obese youth.

Background: Standardization of the hemoglobin A1c (A1c) assay has led to its increasing utilization as a screening tool for the diagnosis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. However, significant A1c assay variability remains and has implications for clinical management.

Objective: To describe our center's experiences with A1c results in youth and to evaluate inter-method differences and their clinical implications.