Population-Level Study on Fetal Deaths and Preterm Births during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the State of Michigan.

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on preterm birth at different gestational ages and fetal death in the state of Michigan.

Study Design: Data on live births and fetal deaths in the state of Michigan from March to November in the years 2017 through 2020 were obtained from Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). Preterm birth rate, fetal death rate (per 1,000 live births) overall and stratified by race and maternal comorbidities during the period of pandemic (March-November 2020) were compared with the same period (March-November) in the prepandemic years (2017-2019).

Exploring maternal reflective functioning as a predictor of mother-child dyadic behaviour over time in a clinical context.

The current study examined 20 participants from group attachment based intervention (GABI), who completed the adult attachment interviews (AAI; George, et al., 1985) as part of a RCT to test the efficacy of GABI compared with treatment as usual, in order to explore the possible benefits higher RF for treatment outcome in terms of interactive mother and child behaviour. Mothers' AAIs were analyzed using the reflective functioning (RF) rating scale (Fonagy, et al.

Racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across Michigan, United States.

Background: Black populations in the United States are being disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the increased mortality burden after accounting for health and other demographic characteristics is not well understood. We examined characteristics of individuals who died from COVID-19 in Michigan by race stratified by their age, sex and comorbidity prevalence to illustrate and understand this disparity in mortality risk.

Methods: We evaluate COVID-19 mortality in Michigan by demographic and health characteristics, using individual-level linked death certificate and surveillance data collected by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services from March 16 to October 26, 2020.

State Injury Programs' Response to the Opioid Epidemic: The Role of CDC's Core Violence and Injury Prevention Program.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Core Violence and Injury Prevention Program (Core) supports capacity of state violence and injury prevention programs to implement evidence-based interventions. Several Core-funded states prioritized prescription drug overdose (PDO) and leveraged their systems to identify and respond to the epidemic before specific PDO prevention funding was available through CDC. This article describes activities employed by Core-funded states early in the epidemic.

Erk2 phosphorylation of Drp1 promotes mitochondrial fission and MAPK-driven tumor growth.

Ras is mutated in up to 30% of cancers, including 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, causing it to be constitutively GTP-bound, and leading to activation of downstream effectors that promote a tumorigenic phenotype. As targeting Ras directly is difficult, there is a significant effort to understand the downstream biological processes that underlie its protumorigenic activity. Here, we show that expression of oncogenic Ras or direct activation of the MAPK pathway leads to increased mitochondrial fragmentation and that blocking this phenotype, through knockdown of the mitochondrial fission-mediating GTPase Drp1, inhibits tumor growth.

A psychological predictor of elders' driving performance: social-comparisons on the road.

Older individuals often believe they can drive better than their contemporaries. This belief is an example of downward social-comparisons; they can be self-enhancing tools that lead to beneficial outcomes. As predicted, we found that drivers who engaged in downward social-comparisons were significantly less likely to have adverse driving events over time, after controlling for relevant factors ( = .

Navigating uncharted waters? How international experience can inform the funding of mental health care in England.

Background: Activity-based funding mechanisms are widely used in acute care. In England, payment by results is being extended to mental health care, but its financial viability is unclear.

Aims: To identify international examples of activity-based funding systems for mental health care and to inform the development of a national tariff in England.

Glycopeptide vs. non-glycopeptide antibiotics for prophylaxis of surgical site infections: a systematic review.

Background: Patients receive prophylactic antibiotics against surgical site infections (SSIs) before or during many procedures. Glycopeptide antibiotics are effective against most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but their wider use risks increasing resistance. Our objective was to review the evidence for clinical effectiveness that might help to determine whether there is a threshold of MRSA prevalence at which switching from non-glycopeptide to glycopeptide antibiotic prophylaxis might be justified.

An economic model for the prevention of MRSA infections after surgery: non-glycopeptide or glycopeptide antibiotic prophylaxis?

Aim: Surgical site infection is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The multiresistant strains (MRSA) are resistant to most antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. Our aim was to explore whether there is a threshold of MRSA prevalence at which switching to routine glycopeptide-based antibiotic prophylaxis becomes cost-effective.

Effects of a booster seat education and distribution program in child care centers on child restraint use among children aged 4 to 8 years.

Objective: To compare child care center-based booster seat education and distribution with no intervention when implemented immediately after booster seat legislation.

Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Thirty-nine urban child care centers.

Impact of presumed consent for organ donation on donation rates: a systematic review.

Objectives: To examine the impact of a system of presumed consent for organ donation on donation rates and to review data on attitudes towards presumed consent.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Studies retrieved by online searches to January 2008 of Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, PAIS International, and OpenSIGLE.

Exclusion of elderly persons from health-risk behavior clinical trials.

Background: It has been found that the elderly population is underrepresented in clinical trials aimed at disease treatment. It is unknown to what extent this group is also excluded from clinical trials aimed at reducing health-risk behaviors.

Method: We systematically reviewed clinical trials targeting the leading health-risk behaviors, as identified by Healthy People 2010: tobacco use, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, substance abuse, and irresponsible sexual behavior.

Diagnostic value of systematic biopsy methods in the investigation of prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Several new extended prostate biopsy schemes (greater than 6 cores) have been proposed. We compared the cancer detection rates and complications of different extended prostate biopsy schemes for diagnostic evaluation in men scheduled for biopsy to identify the optimal scheme.

Materials And Methods: In a systematic review we searched 13 electronic databases, screened relevant urological journals and the reference lists of included studies, and contacted experts.

Preventive health behaviors influenced by self-perceptions of aging.

Background: Research has found that the elderly are the age group that is the least likely to engage in preventive health behaviors, even though these behaviors continue to benefit individuals throughout the life span. We investigated for the first time whether an age-specific factor, older individuals' beliefs about their own aging, predicts their likelihood of engaging in preventive health behaviors over time.

Methods: We conducted multivariate linear regression to test the predictive value of aging self-perceptions on the preventive health behaviors of 241 individuals, who participated in the Ohio Longitudinal Study of Aging and Retirement (OLSAR) aged 50-80 years old.