When We Make Errors and Do Harm: A Narrative Review of Second Victim Syndrome and Implications for Neuro-Ophthalmologists.

Background: In the aftermath of an adverse event, the first priority is to provide care for the patient, known as the first victim. However, the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in these events, known as "second victims", have been largely overlooked. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on second victim syndrome (SVS), explore its unique implications for neuro-ophthalmologists, and suggest support strategies to increase awareness and meet the needs of affected colleagues.

Validity of Administrative Coding for Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Background: Administrative claims have been used to study the incidence and outcomes of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), but the validity of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes for identifying NAION has not been examined.

Methods: We identified patients at 3 academic centers who received ≥1 ICD-10 code for NAION in 2018. We abstracted the final diagnosis from clinical documentation and recorded the number of visits with an NAION diagnosis code.

Impact of Diplopia and Ptosis From Lingering Third Nerve Palsy After Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms.

Background: Third nerve palsies (TNPs) may not resolve after intervention for intracranial aneurysms that have compressed the nerve. The disability related to this lingering condition has not been assessed with the support of patient self-report.

Methods: A single-institutional retrospective study of patients with TNP who had undergone interventions for intracranial aneurysms.

Changes in the Use of Brand Name and Generic Medications and Total Prescription Cost Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Epilepsy.

Background And Objective: To characterize trends in antiseizure medication (ASM) fills and total prescription costs in people with epilepsy.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries with epilepsy (ASM, plus codes) in a 20% random Medicare sample, with continuous Fee-For-Service coverage (Parts A, B, and D) in 2008-2018. We summed the number of pill days and costs (adjusted to 2018 dollars) per person-year for each ASM.

Self-reported Eye Care Use Among US Adults Aged 50 to 80 Years.

Importance: Contemporary data on use of eye care by US adults are critical, as the prevalence of age-related eye disease and vision impairment are projected to increase in the coming decades.

Objectives: To provide nationally representative estimates on self-reported use of eye care by adults aged 50 to 80 years, and to describe the reasons that adults do and do not seek eye care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The National Poll on Healthy Aging, a cross-sectional, nationally representative online survey was conducted from March 9 to 24, 2018, among 2013 individuals aged 50 to 80 years.

Management of Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Objective: To report the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter chart review of patients diagnosed with peripapillary CNVM in the course of the treatment and follow-up of IIH.

Results: Records were reviewed from 7 different institutions between 2006 and 2016.

Transient Monocular Vision Loss on Awakening: A Benign Amaurotic Phenomenon.

Background: Transient monocular vision loss (TMVL) is an alarming symptom owing to potentially serious etiologies such as thromboembolism or giant cell arteritis. Our objective is to describe the phenomenon of TMVL present on awakening, which may represent a distinct and benign entity.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational case series of 29 patients who experienced TMVL on awakening.

Hyaluronic acid of high molecular weight inhibits proliferation and induces cell death in U937 macrophage cells.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has regulatory influences on cells and cellular activities. To explore the effects of a high concentration (1 mg/mL) of high molecular weight HA (500-730 kD) on U937 macrophage growth dynamics, three factors that influence overall cellular growth, namely proliferation, apoptosis, and cell death, were examined. Cells were cultured with HA and were analyzed by flow cytometry every 24 hours during a 168-hour period for proliferation and the presence of apoptotic and dead cells.

Hyalgan has a dose-dependent differential effect on macrophage proliferation and cell death.

The intra-articular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has been reported to be an effective treatment for pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. However, the mechanism by which HA exerts its effect is unknown. To explore HA's influence on the growth of U937 human macrophages, cells were incubated for 168 h with three concentrations, 1, 0.