Comparisons of the effects of acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs.

Objective: To compare the effects of acupuncture (AP), electroacupuncture (EA), and transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) with high-frequency intermittent currents on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and associated cardiovascular variables in dogs.

Animals: 8 healthy adult female Beagles.

Procedure: Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane on 4 occasions, allowing a minimum of 10 days between experiments.

Sodium nitroprusside-induced deliberate hypotension to facilitate patent ductus arteriosus ligation in dogs.

Objective: To report the use of sodium nitroprusside to induce deliberate hypotension to reduce hemorrhage and facilitate surgical ligation of complicated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Six dogs.