Pelvic organ prolapse in nulliparous women and their parous sisters.

Objective: To investigate the role of vaginal delivery and familial factors in the development of pelvic organ prolapse by comparing the prevalence of this condition in nulliparous women and their parous sisters.

Methods: Pairs of nulliparous and parous postmenopausal sisters were recruited for assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. One hundred one sister pairs underwent clinical evaluation.

Bulking agents in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: history, outcomes, patient populations, and reimbursement profile.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can be defined as involuntary loss of urine during a period of increased abdominal pressure and in the absence of detrusor activity. Bulking agents used in the urethra are one of the newer but established technologies for the treatment of SUI. An understanding of the demographics of SUI will help in the selection of patients for bulking agent therapy.

Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women and their parous sisters.

Objective: To investigate the role of vaginal delivery and familial factors in the development of urinary incontinence by comparing the prevalence of this condition in nulliparous women and their parous sisters.

Methods: A sample of 143 pairs of nulliparous/parous postmenopausal sisters completed a comprehensive questionnaire regarding symptoms of pelvic floor disorders. Of these, 101 pairs underwent clinical evaluation of urinary incontinence and genital prolapse.