Registration of Supine MR Mammography with Breast Ultrasound for Surgical Planning of Breast Conserving Surgery: A Feasibility Study.

 To report the feasibility, accuracy and initial clinical experience of the use of real-time magnetic resonance navigated ultrasound (rtMRnUS) in the surgical planning of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) via guide wire insertion.  29 participants were recruited into this prospective ethics committee approved study. The first 4 cases were utilized as a training set.

Multi-site clinical evaluation of DW-MRI as a treatment response metric for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MR) as a response metric for assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with primary breast cancer using prospective multi-center trials which provided MR scans along with clinical outcome information.

Materials And Methods: A total of 39 patients with locally advanced breast cancer accrued from three different prospective clinical trials underwent DW-MR examination prior to and at 3-7 days (Hull University), 8-11 days (University of Michigan) and 35 days (NeoCOMICE) post-treatment initiation. Thirteen patients, 12 of which participated in treatment response study, from UM underwent short interval (<1hr) MRI examinations, referred to as "test-retest" for examination of repeatability.

Comparison of 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray mammography in the measurement of ductal carcinoma in situ: a comparison with histopathology.

Purpose: To determine if MRI data obtained at 3.0 T can more accurately report the size of DCIS as compared to radiographic mammography, as a whole cohort and when subdivided by lesion characteristics.

Methods: Thirty-nine participants underwent X-ray mammography and MRI prior to breast surgery for DCIS.

Prognostic value of DCE-MRI in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a comparison with traditional survival indicators.

Objectives: To determine associations between dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters and survival intervals in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), surgery, and adjuvant therapies. Further, to compare the prognostic value of DCE-MRI parameters against traditional survival indicators.

Methods: DCE-MRI and MR tumour volume measures were obtained prior to treatment and post 2nd NAC cycle.

Image registration for quantitative parametric response mapping of cancer treatment response.

Imaging biomarkers capable of early quantification of tumor response to therapy would provide an opportunity to individualize patient care. Image registration of longitudinal scans provides a method of detecting treatment associated changes within heterogeneous tumors by monitoring alterations in the quantitative value of individual voxels over time, which is unattainable by traditional volumetric-based histogram methods. The concepts involved in the use of image registration for tracking and quantifying breast cancer treatment response using parametric response mapping (PRM), a voxel-based analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) scans, are presented.

An individual person data meta-analysis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and breast cancer recurrence.

Purpose: There is little consensus regarding preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer (BC). We examined the association between preoperative MRI and local recurrence (LR) as primary outcome, as well as distant recurrence (DR), in patients with BC.

Methods: An individual person data (IPD) meta-analysis, based on preoperative MRI studies that met predefined eligibility criteria, was performed.

Struma ovarii: role of imaging?

As clinical features in struma ovarii patients in the absence of thyrotoxicosis are generally non-specific and resemble ovarian malignancy, preoperative radiological diagnosis becomes all the more relevant in order to avoid ovarian cancer type surgery (including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, hysterectomy, omentectomy and occasionally appendectomy) for this usually benign and rare ovarian mass. As struma ovarii is an uncommon entity, it is all the more important to perform state-of-the-art magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including high-resolution imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. The goal of this review paper is to give an update of the key findings of both benign and malignant struma ovarii and to present an unusual case of a purely cystic ovarian struma.

Voxel-by-voxel functional diffusion mapping for early evaluation of breast cancer treatment.

Quantitative isotropic diffusion MRI and voxel-based analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes have been demonstrated to be able to accurately predict early response of brain tumors to therapy. The ADC value changes measured during pre- and posttherapy interval are closely correlated to treatment response. This work was demonstrated using a voxel-based analysis of ADC change during therapy in the brains of both rats and humans, following rigidly registering pre- and post-therapeutic ADC MRI exams.

Correlation of ADC and T2 measurements with cell density in prostate cancer at 3.0 Tesla.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between MRI derived parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 relaxation time) and tumor cellularity as determined from whole mounted radical prostatectomy specimens, for both prostatic carcinoma and normal peripheral zone tissue.

Materials And Methods: Over a 16-month period, 20 patients (mean age: 61 years, range: 42-70 years) were prospectively recruited. Diffusion and T2 imaging were performed on a 3.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an evolving tool for determining breast disease, which benefits from the move to imaging at 3 T. It has major capabilities for the diagnosis, detection and monitoring of malignancy. It benefits from being non-invasive and three-dimensional, allowing visualisation of the extent of disease and its angiogenic properties, visualisation of lesion heterogeneity, detection of changes in angiogenic properties before morphological alterations, and the potential to predict the overall response either before the start of therapy or early during treatment.

Comparison of fat quantification methods: a phantom study at 3.0T.

Purpose: To compare different imaging methods with single-voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) for the quantification of fat content in phantoms at 3.0T.

Materials And Methods: Imaging and spectroscopy was performed on a GE Signa system.

Age, gender, and skeletal variation in bone marrow composition: a preliminary study at 3.0 Tesla.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of MR Spectroscopy (MRS) at 3.0 Tesla for the assessment of normal bone marrow composition and assess the variation in terms of age, gender, and skeletal site.

Materials And Methods: A total of 16 normal subjects (aged between eight and 57 years) were investigated on a 3.

Lesion T(2) relaxation times and volumes predict the response of malignant breast lesions to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the water T(2) values of malignant breast lesions in predicting response after the first and second cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), both alone and in combination with lesion volumes. Thirty-five patients were scanned before the commencement of chemotherapy and again after the first, second and final treatment cycles. Two methods of obtaining lesion T(2) were used: imaging, where a series of T(2)-weighted images was acquired (T(R)/T(E)=1000/30, 60, 90 and 120 ms), and spectroscopy, where the T(2) value of unsuppressed water signal was determined with a multiecho sequence (T(R)=1.

Mechanism of action of octreotide in acromegalic tumours in vivo using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Context: Octreotide causes significant tumour shrinkage in patients with acromegaly but the exact mechanism of action is unclear in vivo.

Objective: To determine the mechanism of action of octreotide in vivo using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).

Design: Five patients with acromegaly were treated with octreotide as primary medical therapy.

Repeatability of echo-planar-based diffusion measurements of the human prostate at 3 T.

Echo-planar-based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the prostate is increasingly being suggested as a viable technique, complementing information derived from conventional magnetic resonance imaging methods for use in tissue discrimination. DWI has also been suggested as a potentially useful tool in the assessment of tumor response to treatment. In this study, the repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from both DWI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been assessed as a precursor to determining the magnitude of treatment-induced changes required for reliable detection.

Diffusion changes precede size reduction in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

Traditionally, tumor response has been assessed via tumor size measurements during the course of a treatment. However, changes in these morphologically based measures occur relatively late in the course of a treatment. Alternative biomarkers are currently being evaluated to enable an earlier assessment of treatment to facilitate early cessation and cost savings.

Breast lesion analysis of shape technique: semiautomated vs. manual morphological description.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of an automated method of shape measurement for improving the discrimination of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 47 breast lesions (32 malignant and 15 benign) were examined using a 1.5 Tesla system.

Diffusion imaging of the prostate at 3.0 tesla.

Objectives: We sought to assess the efficacy of diffusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma using a 3.0 T scanner and parallel imaging technology.

Materials And Methods: Diffusion-weighted images were acquired using a single shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b = 0 and 500 seconds/mm.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal and malignant prostate tissue at 3.0T.

Purpose: To measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of normal and malignant prostate tissue at 3.0T using a phased-array coil and parallel imaging, and determine the utility of ADC values in differentiating tumor from normal peripheral zone (PZ).

Materials And Methods: ADC values were calculated for 49 patients (tumor and PZ) with evidence of prostate cancer.

Neuropilin-1 and VEGF correlate with somatostatin expression and microvessel density in ovarian tumours.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is an angiogenic growth factor, expressed more highly in malignant than benign ovarian tumours. Neuropilin-1, which can act as a VEGF receptor has been shown to be associated with tumour angiogenesis in some cancer systems. Somatostatin (SST), a potentially anti-angiogenic factor, acts via somatostatin receptors that are expressed in ovarian cancer.