Defining the Roles of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Pharmacists in the United States: A Systematic Review and National RAND/UCLA Consensus.

Background: Given the complexity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, utilization of multidisciplinary teams is recommended to optimize outcomes. There is a growing recognition that clinical pharmacists should be an integral part of this care model. We sought to define the roles of IBD clinical pharmacists in the United States.

Normal Ranges of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity Do Not Affect Thioguanine Nucleotide Concentrations With Azathioprine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity influences azathioprine conversion into active metabolite 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN). Low TPMT activity correlates with high 6-TGN and risk for myelosuppression. Conversely, normal-to-high TPMT activity may be associated with low 6-TGN and drug resistance, the so-called hypermetabolizers.