Are depressive symptoms associated with biological aging in a cross-sectional analysis of adults over age 50 in the United States.

Major depressive disorder accelerates DNA methylation age, a biological aging marker. Subclinical depressive symptoms are common, but their link to DNA methylation aging in older adults remains unexplored. This study analyzed the cross-sectional relationship between depressive symptoms and accelerated DNA methylation aging, considering gender and race/ethnicity in U.

Food Insecurity and Dementia Risk in U.S. Older Adults: Evidence From the 2013-2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

Objectives: Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, prospective studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk. Using longitudinal and nationally representative data, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among older adults.

Methods: Data were from 3,232 adults (≥65 years) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

The Worst of Times: Depressive Symptoms Among Racialized Groups Living With Dementia and Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To explore differences in depressive symptoms for older adults (Black, Latinx, and White) by cognitive status during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the Health and Retirement Study identified older adults as cognitively normal, cognitively impaired without dementia (CIND), and persons living with dementia (PLWD). Multiple linear regression analyses examined associations between cognitive status and depressive symptoms among these racialized groups.

Cross-Training Pharmacy Professionals as Community Health Workers.

Community health workers (CHWs) are health professionals that connect the populations they serve to health services. They play a valuable role in assessing patients' needs, linking patients with health and human resources, educating patients toward achieving optimal health, and advocating for their patients to have accessible resources to improve their health and wellbeing. Pharmacies are readily accessible and frequently utilized health locations that could employ CHWs.

Factor structure of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol neuropsychological battery in the Health and Retirement Study.

Objective: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) describes an assessment battery and a family of population-representative studies measuring neuropsychological performance. We describe the factorial structure of the HCAP battery in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Method: The HCAP battery was compiled from existing measures by a cross-disciplinary and international panel of researchers.

Individual and community preparedness to disasters and pandemics in Idaho Falls: A cross sectional analysis.

Communities form an integral component of disaster and pandemic preparedness. This study aimed to explore disaster/pandemic preparedness-with a special focus on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-at the household and community level among residents within 50 miles of Idaho Falls. A structured online survey questionnaire was distributed, resulting in 924 responses from participants over 18 years of age.

Estimating the Prevalence of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the US: The 2016 Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project.

Importance: Nationally representative data are critical for understanding the causes, costs, and outcomes associated with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the US and can inform policies aimed at reducing the impact of these conditions on patients, families, and public programs. The nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an essential resource for such data, but the HRS substudy providing dementia diagnostic information was fielded more than 20 years ago and more recent data are needed.

Objective: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) was developed to update national estimates of the prevalence of MCI and dementia in the US and examine differences by age, race, ethnicity, and sex.

Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes prior to 33 0/7 weeks: when should rescue corticosteroids be given?

Objective: To determine an optimal timing strategy for rescue corticosteroids in gravidas with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) prior to 33 0/7 weeks.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 109 gravidas with a singleton gestation and PPROM between 23 0/7 and 32 6/7 weeks who delivered at a single inner city tertiary care center. The time of the actual first dose of corticosteroids was chosen as Time 0.

Discordant Virus-Specific Antibody Levels, Antibody Neutralization Capacity, and T-cell Responses Following 3 Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Patient With Connective Tissue Disease.

We report a patient with connective tissue disease who developed modest severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain-specific antibody levels and a lack of neutralization capacity, despite having received 3 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines and holding anti-B-cell therapy for >7 months before vaccination. The patient developed virus-specific T-cell responses.

Evidence From Children with Autism that Derived Relational Responding is a Generalized Operant.

We conducted an empirical examination of derived relational responding as a generalized operant and concurrently evaluated the validity and efficacy of program items contained in the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge - Equivalence (PEAK-E) curriculum. A first study utilized a multiple-baseline across-skills experimental arrangement to determine the efficacy of equivalence-based instruction guided by PEAK-E, replicated across 11 children with autism. A total of 33 individualized skills were taught, and the subsequent emergence of untrained relations was tested throughout the investigation.

Comparison of Access to Primary Care Medical and Dental Appointments Between Simulated Patients Who Were Deaf and Patients Who Could Hear.

Importance: Primary medical and dental clinics may accept fewer people who are deaf as patients than persons who can hear, and clinics may deny requests by patients who are deaf for American Sign Language (ASL) interpretation at appointments when necessary, creating diminished access to primary medical and dental care.

Objective: To compare the rate at which patients who are deaf are offered primary care medical or dental appointments with the rate at which appointments are offered to patients who can hear in a real-world context.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used a simulated patient (SP) call audit method.

Multigenerational Households During Childhood and Trajectories of Cognitive Functioning Among U.S. Older Adults.

Objectives: Family structure in childhood influences early brain development and cognitive performance in adulthood. Much less is known about its long-term impact on later-life cognitive functioning. We extend the two-generation family structure approach to investigate the potential contribution of living with grandparents in multigenerational households to differences in cognitive functioning at older ages.

Ask and ye shall not receive: Interpreter-related access barriers reported by Deaf users of American sign language.

Background: Healthcare providers are mandated to provide reasonable accommodations for Deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL) accessing healthcare services, including ASL interpreters. Provision of accommodations improves access and provider/patient communication.

Objective: Describe the types, frequency, severity, and trends in healthcare access complications experienced by Deaf patients.

The Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project: Study Design and Methods.

Introduction: The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) Project is a substudy within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), an ongoing nationally representative panel study of about 20,000 adults aged 51 or older in the United States. The HCAP is part of an international research collaboration funded by the National Institute on Aging to better measure and identify cognitive impairment and dementia in representative population-based samples of older adults, in the context of ongoing longitudinal studies of aging in high-, middle-, and low-income countries around the world.

Methods: The HCAP cognitive test battery was designed to measure a range of key cognitive domains affected by cognitive aging (including attention, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial function) and to allow harmonization and comparisons to other studies in the United States and around the world.

Clinical Care Coordination in Medically Complex Pediatric Cases: Results From the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs.

This study uses a secondary analysis of the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) to describe care coordination (CC) for children with medical complexity (CMC). Chi-square test, test, and multivariate logistic regression statistical tests are used to determine the relationships and differences between sources of CC and factors associated with receiving clinic-based CC for CMC and their family. Among CMC, 66.

Gratitude across the life span: Age differences and links to subjective well-being.

Gratitude has been described as an adaptive evolutionary mechanism that is relevant to healthy psychological and interpersonal outcomes. Questions remain as to whether the presence and benefits of gratitude are consistent from young adulthood to old age; prior research has yielded mixed evidence. We examined the magnitude and direction of age differences in gratitude in three samples (combined = 31,206).

The impact of the Great Recession on educational pursuits in adulthood in the US.

Economic downturns are known to spark periods of increased enrolment in traditional educational pursuits. The current study leverages 30-year longitudinal data from the Longitudinal Study of American Life (LSAL; N=1,556) to examine individual characteristics and experiences in adolescence, just prior to the Great Recession, and during it, to understand why some individuals chose to pursue new education or training in response to the recession whereas others did not. Indicators from adolescence include measures of self-esteem, locus of control, persistence, achievement in mathematics and achievement in science and were collected from 1987 to 1993.

Improving Safe Mobility: An Assessment of Vehicles and Technologies among a Large Cohort of Older Drivers.

Evidence suggests that older driver safety may be improved by good vehicle maintenance, in-vehicle advanced technologies, and proper vehicle adaptations. This study explored the prevalence of several measures of vehicle maintenance and damage among older drivers through inspection of their vehicles. We also investigated the prevalence of in-vehicle technologies and aftermarket adaptations.

Association of Physical Function With Driving Space and Crashes Among Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Balancing both driver mobility and safety is important for the well-being of older adults. However, research on the association of physical function with these 2 driving outcomes has yielded inconsistent findings. This study examined whether physical functioning of older drivers, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), is associated with either driving space or crash involvement.

Effects of Pre-Retirement Personality, Health and Job Lock on Post-Retirement Subjective Well-being.

Retirement can be difficult, and experiences vary greatly. Although health, financial status, and family responsibilities have been associated with retirement adjustment, individual psychosocial characteristics may also play a role. Moreover, relatively little is known about the impact of perceived 'job lock'-the belief that retirement is impossible due to financial or health constraints-and its relationship with later retirement adjustment.

Overview of the Health and Retirement Study and Introduction to the Special Issue.

Twenty five years ago, the largest academic behavioral and social science project ever undertaken in the U.S. began: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Prevalence, attitudes, and knowledge of in-vehicle technologies and vehicle adaptations among older drivers.

The purpose of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the types of in-vehicle technologies being used by older drivers as well as older drivers' use, learning, and perceptions of safety related to these technologies among a large cohort of older drivers at multiple sites in the United States. A secondary purpose was to explore the prevalence of aftermarket vehicle adaptations and how older adults go about making adaptations and how they learn to use them. The study utilized baseline questionnaire data from 2990 participants from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study.