A long view of social mobility in Scotland and the role of economic changes.

Changes in the social mobility of men in Scotland between the late-19th and the late-twentieth century are examined using new individual-level data from nineteenth-century censuses, linking records of men aged 0-19 in 1871 to their records in 1901, and then comparing their patterns with the social mobility of men aged 30-49 in 1974 and in 2001 as recorded in social surveys at these dates. The extent of social mobility in the nineteenth century was large. In particular, the social origins of people in the highest classes-the salariat-were very varied, indicating a society that was more open than is sometimes supposed.

Social class and sex differences in higher-education attainment among adults in Scotland since the 1960s.

An important question about adult education is whether it compensates for or exacerbates initial inequality. The paper looks at this question in relation to higher education in Scotland, considering inequality with respect to sex and to social class. The data come from three cohorts followed from birth to 2011-12.

Cryptic EWSR1-FLI1 fusions in Ewing sarcoma: potential pitfalls in the diagnostic use of fluorescence in situ hybridization probes.

Detection of EWSR1 translocations - particularly t(11;22)(q24;q12) - is of great value in the differential diagnosis of the Ewing family of tumors. We report two cases that highlight the problems and pitfalls of identifying Ewing tumors using conventional chromosome analysis and a commercial EWSR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. In both cases, the tumor karyotype was abnormal, but a visible t(11;22)(q24;q12) was not present.

Political attitudes, social participation and social mobility: a longitudinal analysis.

It is often suggested that the political attitudes and social participation which have underpinned the welfare-state democracies have depended on large amounts of upward social mobility. The demographic heterogeneity of the service class, according to this view, induced in them a willingness to lead a common political project seeking to establish a common social citizenship. As the amount of upward mobility stagnates or even begins to fall, it has then further been claimed that there might emerge a degree of ideological closure in the service class that might erode their commitment to civic values.

Religion, social mobility and education in Scotland.

The relationship among religion, education and social mobility in Scotland is analysed statistically using the Scottish Household Survey of 2001. The large sample size allows much greater statistical power for this purpose than any previous source, and thus allows a more reliable assessment of claims that the stratifying effect of religion in Scotland may have declined. The questions investigated are as follows.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma and hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes share a common t(7;16)(q34;p11) translocation.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare metastasizing soft tissue tumor with deceptively bland histologic features. The hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes (HSCT) is thought to be a closely related tumor differing only by the presence of collagen rosettes. We report the occurrence of a common t(7;16)(q34;p11) translocation in 2 cases of HSCT and 2 cases of LGFMS, thereby providing the first cytogenetic proof that LGFMS and HSCT are variants of the same entity.

Poorly differentiated extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with t(9;22)(q22;q11) translocation presenting initially as a solid variant devoid of myxoid areas.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue tumor associated with the translocation t(9;22)(q22;q11-12). Although it has a typical microscopic appearance its morphologic spectrum is wide. We report a case of clinically aggressive, poorly differentiated EMC showing the characteristic translocation, which presented initially as a poorly differentiated sarcoma devoid of myxoid areas in the upper arm of an 85-year-old man.