Influence of interface condition and implant design on bone remodelling and failure risk for the resurfaced femoral head.

Resurfacing of the femur has experienced a revival, particularly in younger and more active patients. The implant is generally cemented onto the reamed trabecular bone and theoretical remodelling for this configuration, as well as uncemented variations, has been studied with relation to component positioning for the most common designs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different interface conditions, for alternative interior implant geometries, on bone strains in comparison to the native femur, and its consequent remodelling.

Integrin alpha2 mediates selective metastasis to the liver.

Cancers display distinct patterns of organ-specific metastasis. Comparative analysis of a broad array of cell membrane molecules on a liver-metastasizing subline of B16 melanoma versus the parental B16-F0 revealed unique up-regulation of integrin alpha2. The direct role of integrin alpha2 in hepatic metastasis was shown by comparison of high versus low-expressing populations, antibody blockade, and ectopic expression.

Live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes effectively treats hepatic colorectal cancer metastases and is strongly enhanced by depletion of regulatory T cells.

The liver represents a major and frequently sole site of metastases for many types of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancers. We showed previously that coadministration of an engineered hepatic-targeting Listeria monocytogenes (LM) with a cancer vaccine enhanced the antitumor effect of vaccine-induced T cells selectively against hepatic metastases. Here, we show that administration of multiple doses of LM, in the absence of vaccine, generates therapeutic responses against hepatic metastases.

Selective targeting of antitumor immune responses with engineered live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes.

Improved immunization and ex vivo T-cell culture strategies can generate larger numbers and more potent tumor-specific effector cells than previously possible. Nonetheless, the capacity of these cells to eliminate established tumors is limited by their ability to efficiently enter tumor-bearing organs and mediate their effector function. In the current study, we show that the administration of an engineered organ-homing microbe selectively targets tumor-specific immune responses to metastases within that organ.