Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with neoplastic or inflammatory central nervous system disorders.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecular driver of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and is expressed by a wide variety of neoplasms. Although blood VEGF concentrations have been quantified in intracranial tumors of dogs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF concentration might be a more sensitive biomarker of disease.

Objective: Concentrations of VEGF in CSF are higher in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia compared to those with meningoencephalomyelitis and other neurologic disorders.

Feasibility of Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (gammaCore VET™) for the Treatment of Refractory Seizure Activity in Dogs.

Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common chronic neurologic condition in dogs. Approximately 20-30% of those dogs are refractory to standard medical therapy and commonly experience side effects from antiepileptic drugs. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has been frequently used in human medicine as an adjunct seizure therapy with low incidence of adverse events.

Post-operative surgical site infection in a dog.

Following decompressive surgery for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis, a 6-year-old German shepherd dog developed a subcutaneous infection at the surgical site and discospondylitis at the lumbosacral intervertebral disc. subsp. serotype Dublin was recovered from the surgical site.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate- and extended-release formulations of levetiracetam in dogs.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics of various formulations of levetiracetam after oral administration of a single dose to healthy dogs.

Animals: 6 neurologically normal mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: A crossover study design was used.

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with intracranial tumors.

Objective: To identify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in CSF from dogs with intracranial tumors.

Sample: CSF from 55 dogs with intracranial tumors and 37 control dogs.

Procedures: Latent and active MMP-2 and -9 were identified by use of gelatin zymography.

Generation and characterization of neurospheres from canine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.

Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have been identified as a powerful stem cell source for cellular transplantation therapy. The dog is increasingly used as a model of human neurological disease; however, few studies have reported induction of canine ADSCs to neural lineages. We characterized canine ADSCs and investigated whether they could be induced to differentiate into neural lineages.

Full recovery after cardiac arrest secondary to accidental iatrogenic venous air embolism in a cat.

Objective: To describe the successful management of cardiac arrest following accidental venous air embolism (VAE) in a cat.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat, weighing 4 kg, was presented for continuation of its chemotherapy protocol. The cat was inadvertently administered approximately 5.

Comparison of characteristics and enzymatic products of leukocytes in the skin and laminar tissues of horses administered black walnut heartwood extract or lipopolysaccharide.

Objective: To compare characteristics and enzymatic products of leukocytes detected in the skin and laminar tissues of horses administered black walnut heartwood extract (BWHE) and horses administered purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Animals: 25 healthy 5- to 15-year-old horses.

Procedures: Horses were randomly assigned to receive LPS (20 ng of O55:B5 Escherichia coli endotoxin/kg; n = 5) IV or 6 L of BWHE (10) or water (control group; 10) via nasogastric intubation.

Adverse effects and outcome associated with dexamethasone administration in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation: 161 cases (2000-2006).

Objective: To determine complications and neurologic outcomes associated with dexamethasone administration to dogs with surgically treated thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation, compared with dogs not receiving dexamethasone.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 161 dogs with surgically confirmed thoracolumbar disk herniation.

Serum 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and corticosterone concentrations in dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia and dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism.

Objective: To assess serum 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and corticosterone concentrations in dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia and dogs being screened for hyperadrenocorticism.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 16 clinically normal dogs, 35 dogs with nonadrenal neoplasia, and 127 dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism.

Canine babesiosis.

Canine babesiosis is a tickborne, protozoal, hemoparasitic disease that can cause varying degrees of hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and fever. Babesia organisms frequently are classified as large or small. Large Babesia infections are attributed to one of three subspecies of Babesia canis.