Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with neoplastic or inflammatory central nervous system disorders.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecular driver of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and is expressed by a wide variety of neoplasms. Although blood VEGF concentrations have been quantified in intracranial tumors of dogs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF concentration might be a more sensitive biomarker of disease.

Objective: Concentrations of VEGF in CSF are higher in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia compared to those with meningoencephalomyelitis and other neurologic disorders.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate- and extended-release formulations of levetiracetam in dogs.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics of various formulations of levetiracetam after oral administration of a single dose to healthy dogs.

Animals: 6 neurologically normal mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: A crossover study design was used.

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with intracranial tumors.

Objective: To identify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in CSF from dogs with intracranial tumors.

Sample: CSF from 55 dogs with intracranial tumors and 37 control dogs.

Procedures: Latent and active MMP-2 and -9 were identified by use of gelatin zymography.

Full recovery after cardiac arrest secondary to accidental iatrogenic venous air embolism in a cat.

Objective: To describe the successful management of cardiac arrest following accidental venous air embolism (VAE) in a cat.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat, weighing 4 kg, was presented for continuation of its chemotherapy protocol. The cat was inadvertently administered approximately 5.