Comparative Toxicity of Seven Aqueous Film-Forming Foam to In Vitro Systems and Mus.

The comparative toxicity of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-free and one PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) was evaluated in an outbred mouse species as well as several in vitro assays. The in vivo toxicological profile of PFAS-free AFFFs in short-term, high-concentration exposures is different than that of a PFAS-containing AFFF. The PFAS-containing reference product induced increased liver weights, while the PFAS-free AFFFs were linked to either decreased or unaffected relative liver weights.

Toxicology assessment for six per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS)-free aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) products.

There is an urgent need to understand the toxicity hazards of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) replacement products to ensure the balance between performance and toxicity hazards and avoid regrettable substitutions during the rapid phasing out of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS)-containing AFFFs. To address this need, we assessed the toxicity of six candidate PFAS-free products via literature review, estimation techniques, and incorporation of testing data from whole products and compared them against one PFAS-containing product. Then, we combined the relative hazards across human occupational exposure (e.

An Interrogation of Shared and Unique Copy Number Variants Across Genetically Distinct Zebrafish Strains.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a widely utilized model system for human disorders, but common laboratory strains have distinct behavioral and physiological differences. Accompanying these known strain differences, commonly used "wildtype" zebrafish strains have both shared and unique suites of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants (CNVs). Despite this, genomic variation is often ignored in study design, and the actual strain used is often not adequately reported.

Author Correction: Assembly and Analysis of Unmapped Genome Sequence Reads Reveal Novel Sequence and Variation in Dogs.

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Assembly and Analysis of Unmapped Genome Sequence Reads Reveal Novel Sequence and Variation in Dogs.

Dogs are excellent animal models for human disease. They have extensive veterinary histories, pedigrees, and a unique genetic system due to breeding practices. Despite these advantages, one factor limiting their usefulness is the canine genome reference (CGR) which was assembled using a single purebred Boxer.

Baseline mRNA expression differs widely between common laboratory strains of zebrafish.

Common strains of wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio) have unique genomic features including SNPs and CNV, but strain information often goes unreported in the literature. As a result, the confounding effects of interstrain variation makes repetition of studies in zebrafish challenging. Here we analyze hepatic mRNA expression patterns between three common zebrafish strains (AB, Tuebingen (TU), and WIK) using Agilent 4 × 44 K gene expression microarrays to establish baseline mRNA expression across strains and between sexes.

Plasma cell survival in the absence of B cell memory.

Pre-existing serum antibodies play an important role in vaccine-mediated protection against infection but the underlying mechanisms of immune memory are unclear. Clinical studies indicate that antigen-specific antibody responses can be maintained for many years, leading to theories that reactivation/differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells is required to sustain long-term antibody production. Here, we present a decade-long study in which we demonstrate site-specific survival of bone marrow-derived plasma cells and durable antibody responses to multiple virus and vaccine antigens in rhesus macaques for years after sustained memory B cell depletion.